Ortiz-Mendoza Nancy, Aguirre-Hernández Eva, Fragoso-Martínez Itzi, González-Trujano María Eva, Basurto-Peña Francisco A, Martínez-Gordillo Martha J
Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Flora de Veracruz, Secretaría Académica, Instituto de Ecología, A.C, Xalapa, Mexico.
Front Pharmacol. 2022 Apr 19;13:867892. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.867892. eCollection 2022.
is the most diverse genus within the mint family (Lamiaceae), many of its species are well-known due to their medicinal and culinary uses. Most of the ethnopharmacological and phytochemical studies on are centred on species from the European and Asian clades. However, studies about the most diverse clade, the Neotropical sages ( subgenus ; 587 spp.), are relatively scarce. This review aims to compile the information on the traditional medicinal uses, pharmacological and phytochemistry properties of the Neotropical sages. To do so, we carried out a comprehensive review of the articles available in different online databases published from the past to 2022 (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, among others) and summarized the information in tables. To uncover phylogenetic patterns in the distribution of four different groups of metabolites (mono-, sesqui-, di-, and triterpenes), we generated presence-absence matrices and plotted the tip states over a dated phylogeny of . We found several studies involving Mexican species of , but only a few about taxa from other diversity centres. The main traditional uses of the Mexican species of are medicinal and ceremonial. In traditional medicine 56 species are used to treat diseases from 17 categories according to the WHO, plus cultural-bound syndromes. Pharmacological studies reveal a wide range of biological properties (e.g., antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, cytotoxic, and antidiabetic, etc.) found in extracts and isolated compounds of 38 Neotropical sages. From extracts of these species, at least 109 compounds have been isolated, identified and evaluated pharmacologically; 73 of these compounds are clerodanes, 21 abietanes, six flavonoids, five sesquiterpenoids, and four triterpenoids. The most characteristic metabolites found in the Neotropical sages are the diterpenes, particularly clerodanes (e.g., Amarisolide A, Tilifodiolide), that are found almost exclusively in this group. The Neotropical sages are a promising resource in the production of herbal medication, but studies that corroborate the properties that have been attributed to them in traditional medicine are scarce. Research of these metabolites guided by the phylogenies is recommended, since closely related species tend to share the presence of similar compounds and thus similar medicinal properties.
是唇形科中最多样化的属，其许多物种因其药用和烹饪用途而广为人知。关于的大多数民族药理学和植物化学研究都集中在欧洲和亚洲分支的物种上。然而，关于最多样化的分支——新热带鼠尾草（亚属；587种）的研究相对较少。本综述旨在汇编有关新热带鼠尾草传统药用用途、药理学和植物化学特性的信息。为此，我们对过去至2022年在不同在线数据库（如PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science等）上发表的文章进行了全面综述，并将信息汇总在表格中。为了揭示四种不同代谢物组（单萜、倍半萜、二萜和三萜）分布中的系统发育模式，我们生成了存在-缺失矩阵，并在的一个有时间刻度的系统发育树上绘制了末端状态。我们发现了几项涉及墨西哥鼠尾草物种的研究，但关于其他多样性中心分类群的研究很少。墨西哥鼠尾草物种的主要传统用途是药用和仪式用途。在传统医学中，根据世界卫生组织的分类，有56个物种用于治疗17类疾病，以及一些文化相关综合征。药理学研究揭示了38种新热带鼠尾草的提取物和分离化合物中具有广泛的生物学特性（如抗伤害感受、抗炎、抗焦虑、细胞毒性和抗糖尿病等）。从这些物种的提取物中，至少有109种化合物已被分离、鉴定并进行了药理学评估；其中73种化合物是克罗烷类，21种是枞烷类，6种是黄酮类，5种是倍半萜类，4种是三萜类。新热带鼠尾草中发现的最具特征性的代谢物是二萜，特别是克罗烷类（如阿玛里索利德A、蒂利福迪利德），几乎只在这个类群中发现。新热带鼠尾草是草药生产中有前景的资源，但证实其在传统医学中所具有特性的研究很少。建议以系统发育为指导对这些代谢物进行研究，因为亲缘关系相近的物种往往具有相似的化合物，从而具有相似的药用特性。
