Ning Yuanlan, Shen Wen, Ao Fen
School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 PR China
RSC Adv. 2020 Oct 8;10(61):37246-37265. doi: 10.1039/d0ra06865a. eCollection 2020 Oct 7.
The fiber obtained by electrospinning technology is a kind of biomaterial with excellent properties, which not only has a unique micro-nanostructure that gives it a large specific surface area and porosity, but also has satisfactory biocompatibility and degradability (if the spinning material used is a degradable polymer). These biomaterials provide a suitable place for cell attachment and proliferation, and can also achieve immobilization. On the other hand, its large porosity and three-dimensional spatial structure show unique blocking properties in drug delivery applications in order to achieve the purpose of slow release or even controlled release. The immobilization effect or blocking effect of these materials is mainly reflected in the hollow or core-shell structure. The purpose of this paper is to understand the application of the electrospun fiber based on biodegradable polymers (aliphatic polyesters) in the biomedical field, especially the immobilization or blocking effect of the electrospun fiber membrane on cells, drugs or enzymes. This paper focuses on the performance of these materials in tissue engineering, wound dressing, drug delivery system, and enzyme immobilization technology. Finally, based on the existing research basis of the electrospun fiber in the biomedical field, a potential research direction in the future is put forward, and few suggestions are also given for the technical problems that urgently need to be solved.
通过静电纺丝技术获得的纤维是一种具有优异性能的生物材料，它不仅具有独特的微纳结构，使其具有较大的比表面积和孔隙率，而且还具有令人满意的生物相容性和可降解性（如果使用的纺丝材料是可降解聚合物）。这些生物材料为细胞附着和增殖提供了合适的场所，并且还可以实现固定化。另一方面，其大孔隙率和三维空间结构在药物递送应用中表现出独特的阻隔性能，以实现缓释甚至控释的目的。这些材料的固定化作用或阻隔作用主要体现在中空或核壳结构中。本文旨在了解基于可生物降解聚合物（脂肪族聚酯）的静电纺丝纤维在生物医学领域的应用，特别是静电纺丝纤维膜对细胞、药物或酶的固定化或阻隔作用。本文重点关注这些材料在组织工程、伤口敷料、药物递送系统和酶固定化技术方面的性能。最后，基于静电纺丝纤维在生物医学领域的现有研究基础，提出了未来潜在的研究方向，并针对亟待解决的技术问题给出了一些建议。
