Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tamil Nadu 613 401, India.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington CT-06030-4037, USA.
Biomater Adv. 2022 Mar;134:112576. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112576. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
3D bioprinting has enabled the creation of biomimetic tissue constructs for regenerative medicine and in vitro model systems. Large-scale production of 3D structures at the micron-scale resolution is achieved through bioprinting using custom bioinks. Stability and 3D construct compliance play an important role in offering cells with biomechanical cues that regulate their behavior and enable in vivo implantation. Various crosslinking strategies are developed to stabilize the 3D printed structures and new methodologies are constantly being evaluated to overcome the limitations of the existing methods. Photo-crosslinking has emerged as a simple and elegant technique that offers precise control over the spatiotemporal gelation of bioinks during bioprinting. This article summarizes the use of photo-crosslinking agents and methodology towards optimizing 3D constructs for specific biomedical applications. The article also takes into account various bioinks and photo-crosslinkers in creating stable 3D printed structures that offer bioactivity with desirable physicochemical properties. The current challenges of 3D bioprinting and new directions that can advance the field in its wide applicability to create 3D tissue models to study diseases and organ transplantation are also summarized.
3D 生物打印技术已经实现了仿生组织构建体的再生医学和体外模型系统的创建。通过使用定制的生物墨水进行生物打印，可以实现大规模生产具有微米级分辨率的 3D 结构。稳定性和 3D 结构的顺应性对于为细胞提供生物力学线索至关重要，这些线索可以调节它们的行为并实现体内植入。已经开发出各种交联策略来稳定 3D 打印结构，并且不断评估新的方法来克服现有方法的局限性。光交联已成为一种简单而优雅的技术，可在生物打印过程中对生物墨水的时空凝胶化进行精确控制。本文总结了光交联剂和方法的使用，以优化特定生物医学应用的 3D 构建体。本文还考虑了各种生物墨水和光交联剂在创建具有生物活性和理想物理化学特性的稳定 3D 打印结构方面的应用。还总结了 3D 生物打印的当前挑战和新的方向，这些方向可以推进该领域的广泛应用，以创建用于研究疾病和器官移植的 3D 组织模型。
