Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500AE, The Netherlands.
Small. 2019 Jun;15(23):e1805510. doi: 10.1002/smll.201805510. Epub 2019 Apr 29.
Over the last decades, the fabrication of 3D tissues has become commonplace in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, conventional 3D biofabrication techniques such as scaffolding, microengineering, and fiber and cell sheet engineering are limited in their capacity to fabricate complex tissue constructs with the required precision and controllability that is needed to replicate biologically relevant tissues. To this end, 3D bioprinting offers great versatility to fabricate biomimetic, volumetric tissues that are structurally and functionally relevant. It enables precise control of the composition, spatial distribution, and architecture of resulting constructs facilitating the recapitulation of the delicate shapes and structures of targeted organs and tissues. This Review systematically covers the history of bioprinting and the most recent advances in instrumentation and methods. It then focuses on the requirements for bioinks and cells to achieve optimal fabrication of biomimetic constructs. Next, emerging evolutions and future directions of bioprinting are discussed, such as freeform, high-resolution, multimaterial, and 4D bioprinting. Finally, the translational potential of bioprinting and bioprinted tissues of various categories are presented and the Review is concluded by exemplifying commercially available bioprinting platforms.
在过去几十年中，3D 组织的制造在组织工程和再生医学中已变得很常见。然而，传统的 3D 生物制造技术（如支架、微工程、纤维和细胞片工程）在制造具有所需精度和可控制性的复杂组织构建体方面能力有限，而这些正是复制生物相关组织所必需的。为此，3D 生物打印提供了很大的通用性，可以制造出仿生、体积组织，这些组织在结构和功能上都具有相关性。它能够精确控制最终构建体的组成、空间分布和结构，有助于重现目标器官和组织的精细形状和结构。本综述系统地涵盖了生物打印的历史以及仪器和方法的最新进展。然后，它重点介绍了生物墨水和细胞的要求，以实现仿生构建体的最佳制造。接下来，讨论了生物打印的新兴发展和未来方向，例如自由形式、高分辨率、多材料和 4D 生物打印。最后，介绍了生物打印的转化潜力和各种类别的生物打印组织，并通过示例说明了市售的生物打印平台。
