Muraleetharan Vishnaka, Mantaj Julia, Swedrowska Magda, Vllasaliu Driton
Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London 150 Stamford Street London SE1 9NH UK
RSC Adv. 2019 Dec 6;9(69):40487-40497. doi: 10.1039/c9ra08403g. eCollection 2019 Dec 3.
Nanomedicine has shown potential in enabling oral administration of poorly absorbable drugs, such as biologics. As part of the process related to optimisation of the safety and efficacy of nanomedicines, it is imperative that the interaction of nanoparticles with the biological systems - including the gut - is fully characterised. In this article, we provide an overview of the major mechanisms by which nanoparticles may transform upon introduction in biological media. Specifically, the phenomena of association, dissolution and biomolecule adsorption are discussed, together with factors which influence the occurrence of each phenomenon. The implications of these phenomena within the context of therapeutic action of nanomedicines, which includes reduced targeting efficiency, are also explored. Finally, we will comment on nanoparticle modification within the gut environment, including the currently available gastrointestinal models for the study of nano-bio interactions, with implications in the area of nanomedicines for oral administration.
纳米医学已显示出在实现难吸收药物（如生物制剂）口服给药方面的潜力。作为纳米医学安全性和有效性优化相关过程的一部分，全面表征纳米颗粒与生物系统（包括肠道）的相互作用至关重要。在本文中，我们概述了纳米颗粒在引入生物介质后可能发生转变的主要机制。具体而言，讨论了缔合、溶解和生物分子吸附现象，以及影响每种现象发生的因素。还探讨了这些现象在纳米医学治疗作用背景下的影响，包括靶向效率降低。最后，我们将评论肠道环境中的纳米颗粒修饰，包括目前用于研究纳米 - 生物相互作用的胃肠道模型，及其在口服纳米医学领域的意义。
