Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, National Health Laboratory Services, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa.
Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2022 Jul;247(14):1244-1252. doi: 10.1177/15353702221092984. Epub 2022 May 13.
The spread of SARS-CoV-2 over the entire world is more commonly known as COVID-19. COVID-19 has impacted society in every aspect of routine life. SARS-CoV-2 infection is often misdiagnosed as influenza or seasonal upper respiratory tract viral infections. General diagnostic tools can detect the viral antigen or isotypes of antibodies. However, inter- and intraindividual variations in antibody levels can cause false negatives in antibody immunoassays. On the contrary, the false-positive test results can also occur due to either cross-reactivity of the viral antigens or some other patient-related autoimmune factors. There is need for a cogent diagnostic tool with more specificity, selectivity, and reliability. Here, we have described the potential of convalescent serum-derived exosome as a diagnostic tool for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, even in asymptomatic patients, which is a limitation for currently practiced diagnostic tests throughout the globe. In addition, its potential as a vehicle for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery is also emphasized.
SARS-CoV-2 在全球范围内的传播通常被称为 COVID-19。COVID-19 对日常生活的各个方面都产生了影响。SARS-CoV-2 感染常被误诊为流感或季节性上呼吸道病毒感染。一般的诊断工具可以检测病毒抗原或抗体同种型。然而，抗体水平的个体内和个体间差异会导致抗体免疫测定出现假阴性。相反，由于病毒抗原的交叉反应或其他与患者相关的自身免疫因素，也会出现假阳性的测试结果。因此，我们需要一种更具特异性、选择性和可靠性的有效诊断工具。在这里，我们描述了恢复期血清衍生的外泌体作为一种诊断工具检测 SARS-CoV-2 的潜力，即使是在无症状患者中，这是目前全球实践诊断测试的一个局限性。此外，还强调了其作为信使 RNA（mRNA）传递载体的潜力。
