Crafa Andrea, Condorelli Rosita A, Cannarella Rossella, Aversa Antonio, Calogero Aldo E, La Vignera Sandro
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2022 May 5;11(9):2598. doi: 10.3390/jcm11092598.
A physical examination represents a fundamental step in diagnosing diseases. Due to the role that hormones play in the regulation of numerous biological processes in various organs and systems, endocrine diseases cause a variety of clinical manifestations that can be easily identified with a careful physical examination and can guide the clinician to specific diagnoses. Furthermore, the presence of specific clinical signs in various endocrine-metabolic diseases can predict the risk of developing comorbidities and serious adverse events. In this article, we present some of the main clinical signs of endocrine-metabolic diseases and the risk of comorbidities, summarizing the pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to their formation. The aim is to highlight how the identification of these specific signs can reduce the number of dynamic tests and the costs necessary to reach the diagnosis and allow the early identification of any complications associated with these diseases, improving the clinical management of affected patients.
体格检查是疾病诊断的基本步骤。由于激素在调节各个器官和系统的众多生物过程中所起的作用，内分泌疾病会引发多种临床表现，通过仔细的体格检查很容易识别这些表现，并且能够引导临床医生做出明确诊断。此外，各种内分泌代谢疾病中特定临床体征的存在可以预测发生合并症和严重不良事件的风险。在本文中，我们介绍了一些内分泌代谢疾病的主要临床体征以及合并症风险，总结了导致这些体征形成的发病机制。目的是强调识别这些特定体征如何能够减少动态检查的次数以及确诊所需的费用，并能够早期识别与这些疾病相关的任何并发症，从而改善对受影响患者的临床管理。
