Ahsan Muhammad, Nafees Muhammad, Amin Muhammad, Nawaz Fahim, Tufail Aasma, Sardar Hasan, Shokralla Shadi, Mahmoud Eman A, El-Sabrout Ahmed M, Elansary Hosam O
Department of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
Department of Agronomy, MNS, University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan.
Plants (Basel). 2022 May 6;11(9):1260. doi: 10.3390/plants11091260.
Water scarcity has critically augmented the need for the exploration of alternative irrigation sources mainly in water-scarce regions. This water scarcity has put tremendous pressure on the agri-based economy of countries such as Pakistan. The reuse of sewage wastewater has been appearing as the only alternative water source, which can lessen our dependence upon freshwater (FW). The current study aimed to scrutinize the influence of treated wastewater (TWW) and untreated wastewater (UTWW) irrigation on the nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, and Na) concentration in different plant parts, i.e., roots, stems, leaves, and flowers, of four scented species ( Gruss-an-telpitz, and ) during the first week of 2018 to the last week of 2019. The experiment was arranged according to the two-factor factorial arrangement i.e., factor I was the irrigation source, while factor II was the species. The experimental water analysis showed that mineral and chemical concentrations in FW and TWW were within permissible limits of national environmental quality standards (NEQSs) for wastewater. The UTWW of this study possessed a higher electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN), and metals (Cd, Co, and Pb) than recommended levels. The results revealed that P, K, Ca, and Na contents significantly increased in all studied plant parts of species as the duration of irrigation with TWW and UTWW increased and vice versa in the case of N contents, while the ratio of N content elevation by applying TWW and UTWW were also not increased compared to other studied nutrients. The nutrients (except Ca) were found as maximum in all plant parts with UTWW compared to FW and TWW irrigation in roses. These stimulations were accredited to the presence of higher essential nutrients and some metals in UTWW. This experiment confirmed the disparities in nutrient contents of scented species due to the different absorbability of each element in every plant part. Regarding the nutrient accumulation in rose plant tissues, the results of the present study confirm that untreated wastewater must be treated to some extent to grow scented roses where water is scarce.
水资源短缺严重增加了对替代灌溉水源进行探索的需求，主要是在缺水地区。这种水资源短缺给巴基斯坦等国家以农业为基础的经济带来了巨大压力。污水回用已成为唯一的替代水源，这可以减少我们对淡水（FW）的依赖。本研究旨在审查2018年第一周至2019年最后一周期间，处理后废水（TWW）和未处理废水（UTWW）灌溉对四种芳香植物（格鲁斯 - 安 - 特尔皮茨等）不同植物部位（即根、茎、叶和花）中养分（氮、磷、钾、钙和钠）浓度的影响。实验按照双因素析因设计进行安排，即因素I为灌溉水源，因素II为植物品种。实验用水分析表明，淡水和处理后废水中的矿物质和化学物质浓度在国家废水环境质量标准（NEQSs）的允许范围内。本研究中的未处理废水的电导率（EC）、化学需氧量（COD）、生物需氧量（BOD）、总氮（TN）和金属（镉、钴和铅）高于推荐水平。结果表明，随着用处理后废水和未处理废水灌溉时间的增加，各研究植物品种所有植物部位中的磷、钾、钙和钠含量显著增加，而氮含量则相反，同时与其他研究养分相比，施用处理后废水和未处理废水使氮含量升高的比例也未增加。与淡水和处理后废水灌溉相比，在玫瑰中，未处理废水灌溉下所有植物部位中的养分（钙除外）含量最高。这些促进作用归因于未处理废水中存在更高的必需养分和一些金属。该实验证实了由于每种元素在每个植物部位的吸收能力不同，芳香植物品种的养分含量存在差异。关于玫瑰植物组织中的养分积累，本研究结果证实，在缺水地区种植芳香玫瑰时，未经处理的废水必须进行一定程度的处理。
