Tellez-Gabriel Marta, Heymann Dominique
RNA and Molecular Pathology (RAMP) Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, The Artic University of Norway (Tromso), Tromso 9019, Norway.
INSERM, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, LabCT, U1232, CRCINA, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Saint Herblain 44805, France.
Cancer Drug Resist. 2019 Dec 19;2(4):1002-1017. doi: 10.20517/cdr.2019.69. eCollection 2019.
LncRNAs are defined as RNA transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length that have no or limited protein-coding potential. Basal expression of lncRNAs appeared important for various homeostatic processes, like gene imprinting cell differentiation and organogenesis. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that lncRNAs play an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Some lncRNAs were stably detected in exosomes, which are widely found in body fluids. Several studies validated the use of exosomal lncRNAs as minimally invasive diagnostic and prognostic markers in several types of cancers. In addition, exosomal lncRNAs have been associated with drug resistance of tumor cells, suggesting a clinical application in cancer-targeted therapy. Despite the recent increase of studies on exosomal lncRNAs, their clinical significance in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment needs to be fully explored. The methodologies for their detection with high purity and accuracy must be also improved in order to implement their use in clinical routine. This review aims to summarize the main recent technologies available for the isolation of exosomal lncRNAs, their status as a liquid biopsy as well as their future perspectives.
长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）被定义为长度超过200个核苷酸的RNA转录本，它们没有或只有有限的蛋白质编码潜力。lncRNAs的基础表达对各种稳态过程似乎很重要，如基因印记、细胞分化和器官发生。此外，已经证明lncRNAs在肿瘤发生和转移中起重要作用。一些lncRNAs在外泌体中被稳定检测到，外泌体在体液中广泛存在。多项研究证实外泌体lncRNAs可作为多种癌症的微创诊断和预后标志物。此外，外泌体lncRNAs与肿瘤细胞的耐药性有关，提示其在癌症靶向治疗中的临床应用。尽管最近对外泌体lncRNAs的研究有所增加，但其在癌症诊断、预后和治疗中的临床意义仍需充分探索。为了将其应用于临床常规，还必须改进其高纯度和准确检测的方法。本综述旨在总结近期可用于分离外泌体lncRNAs的主要技术、它们作为液体活检的现状以及未来前景。
