Silva Ana Filipa, Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo, Ceylan Halil İbrahim, Sarmento Hugo, Clemente Filipe Manuel
Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, 4900-347, Portugal.
Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Melgaço, 4960-320, Portugal.
Open Access J Sports Med. 2022 May 9;13:41-54. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S283662. eCollection 2022.
To determine the effects of maturation stage (eg, classified in the same intervention protocol as early-, and late-mature) on linear sprinting speed adaptations to plyometric jump training (PJT) in youth (aged <18 years) male team sports players.
Eligibility criteria was determined based on PICOS: (P) healthy youth male team sport players classified in the same intervention protocol in ≥2 maturation-related categories, based on a recognized maturation stage-determination method, including (but not limited to) Tanner stage; peak height velocity (eg, Mirwald method); radiography-based method (eg, Fels method); (I) athletes exposed to PJT with a minimum of 4 weeks duration; (C) athletes non-exposed to PJT (non-dedicated intervention, ie, only field-based regular training) or performing a parallel intervention not-related with PJT organized by maturation levels; (O) sprinting speed (eg, time, maximal sprint speed) measured in any linear sprint test trajectories before and after the intervention; (S) only randomized controlled and/or parallel trials. Searches were conducted on December 2021 in EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science, restricted to Portuguese, Spanish and English languages, with no restrictions regarding publication date, and no filters applied. The PEDro scale was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Meta-analysis was computed using the inverse variance random-effects model. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.
The search identified 1219 titles. From those, four studies were selected for qualitative and quantitative synthesis. Four studies provided data for sprinting performance, involving 10 experimental and 8 control groups showing a small effect of trained participants on sprinting performance (ES = 0.31; p = 0.064; I2 = 41.3%) when compared to controls. No significant moderator effect was noted for somatic maturity (p = 0.473 between groups).
PJT had no significant effect on sprinting performance, although the inclusion criteria partially may explain that.
确定成熟阶段（例如，按照与早熟和晚熟相同的干预方案进行分类）对18岁以下青年男性团队运动运动员直线冲刺速度适应增强式跳跃训练（PJT）的影响。
根据PICOS确定纳入标准：（P）健康的青年男性团队运动运动员，基于公认的成熟阶段判定方法（包括但不限于坦纳分期、峰值身高速度（如米尔瓦尔德法）、基于X线摄影的方法（如费尔斯法）），在≥2个与成熟相关的类别中按照相同的干预方案进行分类；（I）接受至少4周PJT的运动员；（C）未接受PJT的运动员（非专门干预，即仅进行基于场地的常规训练）或进行与按成熟水平组织的PJT无关的平行干预的运动员；（O）干预前后在任何直线冲刺测试轨迹中测量的冲刺速度（如时间、最大冲刺速度）；（S）仅为随机对照试验和/或平行试验。于2021年12月在EMBASE、PubMed、Scopus、SPORTDiscus和Web of Science中进行检索，仅限于葡萄牙语、西班牙语和英语，不限制出版日期，不应用筛选条件。使用PEDro量表评估纳入研究的偏倚风险。采用逆方差随机效应模型进行荟萃分析。显著性水平设定为p < 0.05。
检索到1219个标题。从中选择了四项研究进行定性和定量综合分析。四项研究提供了冲刺成绩数据，涉及10个实验组和8个对照组，与对照组相比，训练参与者对冲刺成绩有较小影响（ES = 0.31；p = 0.064；I2 = 41.3%）。未观察到身体成熟度的显著调节效应（组间p = 0.473）。
PJT对冲刺成绩无显著影响，尽管纳入标准可能部分解释了这一点。
