Kupis Magdalena, Samelska Katarzyna, Szaflik Jacek, Skopiński Piotr
Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Cent Eur J Immunol. 2022;47(1):102-108. doi: 10.5114/ceji.2022.112993. Epub 2022 Jan 28.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels as well as microvascular and macrovascular changes. According to the latest statistics the growth of DM incidence is very fast. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) - one of the common DM complications - is the leading cause of blindness among professionally active people. Traditional treatment of DR including drugs controlling hyperglycemia, laser therapy, vitrectomy, and intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF is effectively administered with the effect of neovascularization and macular edema prevention. However, new potential DR therapies - focusing on a longer therapeutic effect and potentially fewer side effects - are being widely investigated. Gene therapy - targeting retinal vasculopathy or targeting retinal protection, mesenchymal stem cell injections, SGLT2 inhibitors, and islet cell transplantation have been proved to stop DR progression. The majority of the new treatment research was performed on an animal model and did not reach the final study stage. A further future human model and randomized studies with optimized delivery vectors will hopefully confirm positive outcomes of the new DR therapies.
糖尿病（DM）是一种代谢性疾病，其特征为血糖水平升高以及微血管和大血管病变。根据最新统计，糖尿病发病率增长非常迅速。糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）——常见的糖尿病并发症之一——是职业活动人群失明的主要原因。糖尿病视网膜病变的传统治疗方法包括控制高血糖的药物、激光治疗、玻璃体切除术以及玻璃体内注射抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGF），这些方法在预防新生血管形成和黄斑水肿方面有显著效果。然而，人们正在广泛研究新的潜在糖尿病视网膜病变治疗方法，这些方法注重更长的治疗效果且可能副作用更少。基因治疗——针对视网膜血管病变或视网膜保护、间充质干细胞注射、钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2（SGLT2）抑制剂以及胰岛细胞移植已被证明可阻止糖尿病视网膜病变的进展。大多数新治疗方法的研究是在动物模型上进行的，尚未进入最终研究阶段。未来进一步的人体模型和采用优化递送载体的随机研究有望证实新的糖尿病视网膜病变治疗方法的积极效果。
