Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 May 4;13:819807. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.819807. eCollection 2022.
A dynamic and mutualistic interplay between tumor cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME) triggered the initiation, progression, metastasis, and therapy response of solid tumors. Recent clinical breakthroughs in immunotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer conferred considerable attention to the estimation of TME, and the maturity of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based technology contributed to the availability of increasing datasets and computational toolbox for deciphering TME compartments. In the current review, we demonstrated the components of TME, multiple methodologies involved in TME detection, and prognostic and predictive TME signatures derived from corresponding methods for gastrointestinal cancer. The TME evaluation comprises traditional, radiomics, and NGS-based high-throughput methodologies, and the computational algorithms are comprehensively discussed. Moreover, we systemically elucidated the existing TME-relevant signatures in the prognostic, chemotherapeutic, and immunotherapeutic settings. Collectively, we highlighted the clinical and technological advances in TME estimation for clinical translation and anticipated that TME-associated biomarkers may be promising in optimizing the future precision treatment for gastrointestinal cancer.
肿瘤细胞与周围肿瘤微环境（TME）之间的动态和互利相互作用触发了实体瘤的发生、进展、转移和治疗反应。胃肠道癌症免疫治疗的最近临床突破引起了人们对 TME 评估的极大关注，基于下一代测序（NGS）的技术的成熟为破译 TME 隔室提供了越来越多的数据集和计算工具包。在当前的综述中，我们展示了 TME 的组成部分、TME 检测中涉及的多种方法，以及从胃肠道癌症相应方法中得出的预后和预测性 TME 特征。TME 评估包括传统的、放射组学的和基于 NGS 的高通量方法，并且全面讨论了计算算法。此外，我们系统地阐明了在预后、化疗和免疫治疗环境中与 TME 相关的现有特征。总的来说，我们强调了 TME 评估在临床转化方面的临床和技术进展，并预计 TME 相关生物标志物可能在优化胃肠道癌症的未来精准治疗方面具有广阔前景。
