Faculty of Agriculture, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan.
Research Institute for Food and Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
Plant Cell Environ. 2022 Aug;45(8):2410-2427. doi: 10.1111/pce.14367. Epub 2022 Jun 21.
The differences between plants grown in field and in controlled environments have long been recognized. However, few studies have addressed the underlying molecular mechanisms. To evaluate plant responses to fluctuating environments using laboratory equipment, we developed SmartGC, a high-performance growth chamber that reproduces the fluctuating irradiance, temperature and humidity of field environments. We analysed massive transcriptome data of rice plants grown under field and SmartGC conditions to clarify the differences in plant responses to field and controlled environments. Rice transcriptome dynamics in SmartGC mimicked those in the field, particularly during the morning and evening but those in conventional growth chamber conditions did not. Further analysis revealed that fluctuation of irradiance affects transcriptome dynamics in the morning and evening, while fluctuation of temperature affects transcriptome dynamics only in the morning. We found upregulation of genes related to biotic and abiotic stress, and their expression was affected by environmental factors that cannot be mimicked by SmartGC. Our results reveal fillable and unfillable gaps in the transcriptomes of rice grown in field and controlled environments and can accelerate the understanding of plant responses to field environments for both basic biology and agricultural applications.
长期以来，人们已经认识到在田间和受控环境中生长的植物之间存在差异。然而，很少有研究涉及潜在的分子机制。为了使用实验室设备评估植物对波动环境的反应，我们开发了 SmartGC，这是一种高性能生长室，可以复制田间环境中不断变化的光照、温度和湿度。我们分析了在田间和 SmartGC 条件下生长的水稻植株的大量转录组数据，以阐明植物对田间和受控环境的反应差异。在 SmartGC 中，水稻转录组的动态变化模拟了田间的动态变化，特别是在早晨和傍晚，但在传统生长室条件下则没有。进一步的分析表明，光照的波动会影响早晨和傍晚的转录组动态，而温度的波动只会影响早晨的转录组动态。我们发现与生物和非生物胁迫相关的基因上调，其表达受 SmartGC 无法模拟的环境因素影响。我们的研究结果揭示了在田间和受控环境中生长的水稻的转录组中存在可填补和不可填补的空白，这可以加速对植物对田间环境的反应的理解，无论是基础生物学还是农业应用。
