Azzeh Firas S, Hasanain Deena M, Qadhi Alaa H, Ghafouri Khloud J, Azhar Wedad F, Ghaith Mazen M, Aldairi Abdullah F, Almasmoum Hussain A, Assaggaf Hamza M, Alhussain Maha H, Alghamdi Ahmad A, Habibullah Mahmoud M, Bawazir Waleed M, Maghaydah Sofyan S, Qutob Maysoun S, Alazzeh Awfa Y
Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
Front Nutr. 2022 Apr 18;9:863029. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.863029. eCollection 2022.
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, it affects both men and women. In Saudi Arabia, breast cancer has been the most prevalent type of cancer in women, for the past few years. Dietary habits and cultural beliefs vary according to region, and further studies are required to demonstrate the relationship between these dietary habits and cultural beliefs and the risk of developing breast cancer. This study is aimed to discover the relationship between preventive dietary factors of the Mediterranean diet and rates of breast cancer among postmenopausal women in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia.
A case-control study was conducted in King Abdulla Medical City Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia and included 432 Saudi female participants: 218 in the control group and 214 breast cancer patients. All participants were postmenopausal, around the same age, and all were ethnically Arab Saudis. Data were obtained using a self-administered validated questionnaire.
Study results showed that a diet that includes 1-2 servings of legumes weekly, 1-5 servings of fish weekly, 1-5 servings of dairy products daily, 3-5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily, and more than one cup of black tea and coffee per day significantly ( < 0.05) reduces the risk of breast cancer.
This study demonstrates that consuming a Mediterranean diet, which includes legumes, fish, fruits and vegetables, black tea, coffee, and low intake of dairy products, works as a preventive factor against breast cancer in postmenopausal females from the Makkah region.
乳腺癌是全球主要死因之一，男女均可患病。在沙特阿拉伯，过去几年乳腺癌一直是女性中最常见的癌症类型。饮食习惯和文化信仰因地区而异，需要进一步研究来证明这些饮食习惯和文化信仰与患乳腺癌风险之间的关系。本研究旨在发现沙特阿拉伯麦加地区绝经后女性中，地中海饮食的预防性饮食因素与乳腺癌发病率之间的关系。
在沙特阿拉伯麦加的阿卜杜拉国王医疗城医院进行了一项病例对照研究，纳入432名沙特女性参与者：对照组218人，乳腺癌患者214人。所有参与者均为绝经后女性，年龄相仿，且均为阿拉伯沙特人。数据通过一份经过验证的自填式问卷获得。
研究结果表明，每周食用1 - 2份豆类、每周食用1 - 5份鱼类、每天食用1 - 5份乳制品、每天食用3 - 5份水果和蔬菜，以及每天饮用超过一杯红茶和咖啡，可显著（<0.05）降低患乳腺癌的风险。
本研究表明，食用包括豆类、鱼类、水果和蔬菜、红茶、咖啡以及低乳制品摄入量的地中海饮食，可作为沙特阿拉伯麦加地区绝经后女性预防乳腺癌的一个因素。
