College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, China; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China.
College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Jul 1;239:113675. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113675. Epub 2022 May 24.
A variety of pesticides are often used in agricultural management to control target pests but may trigger disruptions in the metabolism of nontarget organisms, ultimately affecting crop quality. Acetamiprid (ACE) and cyromazine (CYR) are two frequently used insecticides on cowpea, so it is critical to understand whether these two insecticides cause metabolic disorders in cowpea quality changes and the mechanism by which they do so. Here, we used metabolomic and transcriptomic methods to explore the mechanisms of the effects of ACE, CYR, and their mixture (MIX) on cowpea. In this study, ACE, CYR and MIX had no significant effects on plant biomass or growth status but decreased the contents of starch, soluble protein, and total flavonoids. All treatments reduced the total flavonoid content, but MIX showed the largest reduction of 10.02%. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that ACE markedly affected amino acid metabolism, and CYR and MIX affected sugar metabolism and flavonoid synthesis pathways. ACE and CYR reduced the levels of alanine, glutamic acid, isoleucine and phenylalanine and the expression of amino acid-related genes in cowpea, while MIX significantly increased the levels of most amino acids. All pesticide treatments reduced saccharide levels and related genes, with the most pronounced reduction in the MIX treatment. Exposure to ACE decreased the content of naringenin chalcone and quercetin and increased the content of anthocyanins in cowpeas, while MIX caused a significant decrease in the contents of quercetin and anthocyanins. According to the current study, single and mixed pesticides had different effects on the active ingredients of cowpea, with MIX causing the most significant decrease in the metabolite content of cowpea. These results provide important insights from a molecular perspective on how neonicotinoids and triazine insecticides affect cowpea metabolism.
多种农药常被用于农业管理以控制靶标害虫，但可能会引发非靶标生物代谢紊乱，最终影响作物品质。乙酰甲胺磷（ACE）和环丙虫酰胺（CYR）是豇豆上常用的两种杀虫剂，因此了解这两种杀虫剂是否会引起豇豆品质变化的代谢紊乱及其作用机制至关重要。在这里，我们使用代谢组学和转录组学方法来探讨 ACE、CYR 及其混合物（MIX）对豇豆影响的作用机制。在这项研究中，ACE、CYR 和 MIX 对植物生物量或生长状况没有显著影响，但降低了淀粉、可溶性蛋白和总类黄酮的含量。所有处理均降低了总类黄酮含量，但 MIX 的降幅最大，为 10.02%。代谢组学和转录组学分析表明，ACE 显著影响氨基酸代谢，而 CYR 和 MIX 影响糖代谢和类黄酮合成途径。ACE 和 CYR 降低了豇豆中丙氨酸、谷氨酸、异亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸的水平以及与氨基酸相关的基因表达，而 MIX 则显著增加了大多数氨基酸的水平。所有农药处理均降低了糖的水平和相关基因，其中 MIX 处理的降幅最大。ACE 暴露降低了橙皮素查尔酮和槲皮素的含量，增加了豇豆中的花青素含量，而 MIX 导致槲皮素和花青素的含量显著降低。根据目前的研究，单一和混合农药对豇豆的活性成分有不同的影响，MIX 导致豇豆代谢物含量下降最为明显。这些结果从分子角度提供了关于新烟碱类和三嗪类杀虫剂如何影响豇豆代谢的重要见解。
