Castellano-García Francisca, Benito Ana, Jovani Antonio, Fuertes-Sáiz Alejandro, Marí-Sanmillán María Isabel, Haro Gonzalo
TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castellon, Spain.
Department of Education Sciences, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, 12006 Castellon, Spain.
Brain Sci. 2022 May 2;12(5):590. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12050590.
Sex differences are poorly studied within the field of mental health, even though there is evidence of disparities (with respect to brain anatomy, activation patterns, and neurochemistry, etc.) that can significantly influence the etiology and course of mental disorders. The objective of this work was to review sex differences in adolescents (aged 13-18 years) diagnosed with ADHD (according to the DSM-IV, DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 criteria) in terms of substance use disorder (SUD), prevalence, pharmacological therapy and mental health. We searched three academic databases () and performed a narrative review of a total of 21 articles. The main conclusions of this research were (1) girls with ADHD are more at risk of substance use than boys, although there was no consensus on the prevalence of dual disorders; (2) girls are less frequently treated because of underdiagnosis and because they are more often inattentive and thereby show less disruptive behavior; (3) together with increased impairment in cognitive and executive functioning in girls, the aforementioned could be related to greater substance use and poorer functioning, especially in terms of more self-injurious behavior; and (4) early diagnosis and treatment of ADHD, especially in adolescent girls, is essential to prevent early substance use, the development of SUD, and suicidal behavior.
尽管有证据表明在大脑解剖结构、激活模式和神经化学等方面存在差异，这些差异会显著影响精神障碍的病因和病程，但心理健康领域对性别差异的研究却很少。这项工作的目的是从物质使用障碍（SUD）、患病率、药物治疗和心理健康方面，回顾被诊断患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD，根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版、第四版修订版和第五版标准）的青少年（13至18岁）中的性别差异。我们检索了三个学术数据库（），并对总共21篇文章进行了叙述性综述。这项研究的主要结论是：（1）患有ADHD的女孩比男孩有更高的物质使用风险，尽管在双重障碍的患病率上没有达成共识；（2）女孩因诊断不足以及她们更常表现为注意力不集中从而行为干扰性较小而接受治疗的频率较低；（3）除了女孩认知和执行功能损害增加外，上述情况可能与更多的物质使用和更差的功能有关，特别是在更多的自我伤害行为方面；（4）ADHD的早期诊断和治疗，尤其是在青少年女孩中，对于预防早期物质使用、SUD的发展和自杀行为至关重要。
