Bekhti Nihel, Castelli Florence, Paris Alain, Guillon Blanche, Junot Christophe, Moiron Clémence, Fenaille François, Adel-Patient Karine
Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, CEA, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
UMR7245 MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France.
Metabolites. 2022 May 5;12(5):414. doi: 10.3390/metabo12050414.
Meconium represents the first newborn stools, formed from the second month of gestation and excreted in the first days after birth. As an accumulative and inert matrix, it accumulates most of the molecules transferred through the placenta from the mother to the fetus during the last 6 months of pregnancy, and those resulting from the metabolic activities of the fetus. To date, only few studies dealing with meconium metabolomics have been published. In this study, we aimed to provide a comprehensive view of the meconium metabolic composition using 33 samples collected longitudinally from 11 healthy newborns and to analyze its evolution during the first 3 days of life. First, a robust and efficient methodology for metabolite extraction was implemented. Data acquisition was performed using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), using two complementary LC-HRMS conditions. Data preprocessing and treatment were performed using the Workflow4Metabolomics platform and the metabolite annotation was performed using our in-house database by matching accurate masses, retention times, and MS/MS spectra to those of pure standards. We successfully identified up to 229 metabolites at a high confidence level in human meconium, belonging to diverse chemical classes and from different origins. A progressive evolution of the metabolic profile was statistically evidenced, with sugars, amino acids, and some bacteria-derived metabolites being among the most impacted identified compounds. Our implemented analytical workflow allows a unique and comprehensive description of the meconium metabolome, which is related to factors, such as maternal diet and environment.
胎粪是新生儿的首次排便，在妊娠第二个月开始形成，并在出生后的头几天排出。作为一种累积性的惰性基质，它在妊娠最后6个月期间积累了大部分通过胎盘从母亲转移到胎儿的分子，以及胎儿代谢活动产生的分子。迄今为止，关于胎粪代谢组学的研究仅有少数发表。在本研究中，我们旨在通过从11名健康新生儿纵向收集的33份样本，全面了解胎粪的代谢组成，并分析其在出生后前3天的变化。首先，实施了一种稳健且高效的代谢物提取方法。使用液相色谱-高分辨率质谱联用（LC-HRMS）进行数据采集，采用两种互补的LC-HRMS条件。使用Workflow4Metabolomics平台进行数据预处理和处理，并通过将精确质量、保留时间和MS/MS光谱与纯标准品进行匹配，使用我们的内部数据库进行代谢物注释。我们成功地在人胎粪中高置信度地鉴定出多达229种代谢物，它们属于不同的化学类别且来源各异。代谢谱的渐进变化得到了统计学证据，糖类、氨基酸和一些细菌衍生的代谢物是受影响最大的已鉴定化合物。我们实施的分析工作流程能够对胎粪代谢组进行独特而全面的描述，这与母体饮食和环境等因素有关。
