Wang Fengshuo, Zhu Jingyi, Wang Yongtao, Li Jingchao
Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 May 12;12(10):1656. doi: 10.3390/nano12101656.
Immunotherapy has emerged as one of the major strategies for cancer treatment. Unlike conventional therapeutic methods, immunotherapy can treat both primary and distant metastatic tumors through triggering systematic antitumor immune responses and can even prevent tumor recurrence after causing the formation of immune memory. However, immunotherapy still has the issues of low patient response rates and severe immune-related adverse events in clinical practices. In this regard, the combination of nanomedicine-mediated therapy with immunotherapy can modulate a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and thus amplify antitumor immunity. In particular, second near-infrared (NIR-II) photothermal therapy (PTT), which utilizes light conversions to generate heat for killing cancer cells, has shown unique advantages in combining with immunotherapy. In this review, the recent progress of engineering nanomedicines for NIR-II PTT combinational immunotherapy is summarized. The role of nanomedicine-mediated NIR-II PTT in inducing immunogenic cell death and reprogramming the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment for facilitating immunotherapy are highlighted. The development of NIR-II-absorbing organic and inorganic nonmetal and inorganic metal nanomedicines for the NIR-II PTT combinational immunotherapy of cancer is also introduced in detail. Lastly, the current challenges and future perspectives of these nanomedicines for combinational immunotherapy are proposed.
免疫疗法已成为癌症治疗的主要策略之一。与传统治疗方法不同，免疫疗法可通过引发全身性抗肿瘤免疫反应来治疗原发性和远处转移性肿瘤，甚至在形成免疫记忆后还能预防肿瘤复发。然而，在临床实践中，免疫疗法仍存在患者反应率低和严重免疫相关不良事件等问题。在这方面，纳米药物介导的疗法与免疫疗法相结合可调节肿瘤免疫抑制微环境，从而增强抗肿瘤免疫力。特别是，利用光转换产生热量来杀死癌细胞的二次近红外（NIR-II）光热疗法（PTT），在与免疫疗法联合使用时显示出独特优势。在这篇综述中，总结了用于NIR-II PTT联合免疫疗法的工程纳米药物的最新进展。重点介绍了纳米药物介导的NIR-II PTT在诱导免疫原性细胞死亡和重编程肿瘤免疫抑制微环境以促进免疫疗法方面的作用。还详细介绍了用于癌症NIR-II PTT联合免疫疗法的吸收NIR-II的有机和无机非金属及无机金属纳米药物的发展情况。最后，提出了这些纳米药物用于联合免疫疗法的当前挑战和未来前景。
