Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
Mikrochim Acta. 2022 May 28;189(6):236. doi: 10.1007/s00604-022-05317-2.
Given the huge economic burden caused by chronic and acute diseases on human beings, it is an urgent requirement of a cost-effective diagnosis and monitoring process to treat and cure the disease in their preliminary stage to avoid severe complications. Wearable biosensors have been developed by using numerous materials for non-invasive, wireless, and consistent human health monitoring. Graphene, a 2D nanomaterial, has received considerable attention for the development of wearable biosensors due to its outstanding physical, chemical, and structural properties. Moreover, the extremely flexible, foldable, and biocompatible nature of graphene provide a wide scope for developing wearable biosensor devices. Therefore, graphene and its derivatives could be trending materials to fabricate wearable biosensor devices for remote human health management in the near future. Various biofluids and exhaled breath contain many relevant biomarkers which can be exploited by wearable biosensors non-invasively to identify diseases. In this article, we have discussed various methodologies and strategies for synthesizing and pattering graphene. Furthermore, general sensing mechanism of biosensors, and graphene-based biosensing devices for tear, sweat, interstitial fluid (ISF), saliva, and exhaled breath have also been explored and discussed thoroughly. Finally, current challenges and future prospective of graphene-based wearable biosensors have been evaluated with conclusion. Graphene is a promising 2D material for the development of wearable sensors. Various biofluids (sweat, tears, saliva and ISF) and exhaled breath contains many relevant biomarkers which facilitate in identify diseases. Biosensor is made up of biological recognition element such as enzyme, antibody, nucleic acid, hormone, organelle, or complete cell and physical (transducer, amplifier), provide fast response without causing organ harm.
鉴于慢性和急性疾病给人类带来的巨大经济负担，在疾病的早期阶段进行治疗和监测，以避免严重的并发症，这是一种具有成本效益的诊断和监测过程的迫切要求。已经使用许多材料来开发可穿戴生物传感器，以实现对人体的非侵入性、无线和持续健康监测。由于其出色的物理、化学和结构特性，二维纳米材料石墨烯在可穿戴生物传感器的开发中受到了相当大的关注。此外，石墨烯具有极其灵活、可折叠和生物兼容的特性，为开发可穿戴生物传感器设备提供了广阔的空间。因此，石墨烯及其衍生物可能是在不久的将来制造用于远程人体健康管理的可穿戴生物传感器设备的趋势材料。各种生物流体和呼出的气息都包含许多相关的生物标志物，可以通过可穿戴生物传感器进行非侵入式识别，以确定疾病。在本文中，我们讨论了合成和图案化石墨烯的各种方法和策略。此外，还深入探讨了生物传感器的一般传感机制，以及基于石墨烯的用于眼泪、汗水、间质液（ISF）、唾液和呼出气息的生物传感器设备。最后，对基于石墨烯的可穿戴生物传感器的当前挑战和未来前景进行了评估和讨论。石墨烯是开发可穿戴传感器的一种很有前途的二维材料。各种生物流体（汗水、眼泪、唾液和 ISF）和呼出的气息都包含许多相关的生物标志物，这有助于识别疾病。生物传感器由生物识别元件（如酶、抗体、核酸、激素、细胞器或完整细胞）和物理元件（换能器、放大器）组成，可以快速响应，而不会对器官造成伤害。
