Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Clin Neuropsychol. 2023 Apr;37(3):595-616. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2083021. Epub 2022 Jun 7.
Studies have observed variable associations of prior contact sport participation with subjective and objective measures of cognitive function. This study directly investigated the association between subjective self-report and objective performance-based cognition among former collegiate football players, as well as its relationship to self-reported concussion history.
Former collegiate football players (N = 57; mean age = 37.9 years [ = 1.49]) retired from sport 15-years prior were enrolled. Linear regression models examined associations between subjective cognition (Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders Cognitive Functioning-Short Form), and performance on a neuropsychological battery. Domain specific (executive function) metrics of subjective (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult) and objective cognition were also exclusively examined. Associations between self-reported concussion history with subjective and objective measures were tested. Potential influential factors (sleep quality and distress) were included as covariates.
Subjective cognition was not significantly associated with any objective measures of cognitive functioning ('s > .05). Greater self-reported concussion history was inversely associated with subjective cognition (B = -2.49, = .004), but not objective performance-based cognition ('s > .05). Distress was significantly related to all metrics of subjective cognition ('s < .001) as well as performance on delayed recall and verbal fluency ('s < .05). Sleep quality was only significantly related to timed visuospatial sequencing ( = .033).
Reliance on self-reported measures of cognitive functioning alone is insufficient when assessing cognition in former contact sport athletes. Assessment of other factors known to influence subjective cognitive complaints should also be examined in determining the presence of cognitive deficits.
先前有研究观察到，接触性运动参与情况与认知功能的主观和客观测量结果之间存在多种关联。本研究直接调查了前大学生足球运动员的主观自我报告与客观基于表现的认知之间的关联，以及这种关联与自我报告的脑震荡史之间的关系。
本研究招募了 57 名（平均年龄为 37.9 岁[=1.49]）15 年前从运动中退役的前大学生足球运动员。线性回归模型检验了主观认知（神经疾病生活质量认知功能简短量表）与神经心理测验成绩之间的关联。还专门研究了主观认知（行为评估成人执行功能量表）和客观认知的特定领域（执行功能）指标。测试了自我报告的脑震荡史与主观和客观测量之间的关联。将潜在的影响因素（睡眠质量和压力）作为协变量纳入研究。
主观认知与任何客观认知功能测量均无显著关联（P 值均>0.05）。自我报告的脑震荡史越多，主观认知越差（B=-2.49，P=0.004），但与客观基于表现的认知无关（P 值均>0.05）。压力与所有主观认知指标均显著相关（P 值均<0.001），与延迟回忆和词语流畅性的表现也显著相关（P 值均<0.05）。睡眠质量仅与定时视觉空间序列显著相关（P=0.033）。
在评估前接触性运动运动员的认知功能时，仅依赖自我报告的认知功能测量是不够的。在确定认知缺陷的存在时，还应检查其他已知会影响主观认知主诉的因素。
