Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 5 Høgskoleringen, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
Plant Mol Biol. 2022 Jul;109(4-5):483-504. doi: 10.1007/s11103-022-01284-7. Epub 2022 Jun 8.
Plant cell walls are highly dynamic and chemically complex structures surrounding all plant cells. They provide structural support, protection from both abiotic and biotic stress as well as ensure containment of turgor. Recently evidence has accumulated that a dedicated mechanism exists in plants, which is monitoring the functional integrity of cell walls and initiates adaptive responses to maintain integrity in case it is impaired during growth, development or exposure to biotic and abiotic stress. The available evidence indicates that detection of impairment involves mechano-perception, while reactive oxygen species and phytohormone-based signaling processes play key roles in translating signals generated and regulating adaptive responses. More recently it has also become obvious that the mechanisms mediating cell wall integrity maintenance and pattern triggered immunity are interacting with each other to modulate the adaptive responses to biotic stress and cell wall integrity impairment. Here we will review initially our current knowledge regarding the mode of action of the maintenance mechanism, discuss mechanisms mediating responses to biotic stresses and highlight how both mechanisms may modulate adaptive responses. This first part will be focused on Arabidopsis thaliana since most of the relevant knowledge derives from this model organism. We will then proceed to provide perspective to what extent the relevant molecular mechanisms are conserved in other plant species and close by discussing current knowledge of the transcriptional machinery responsible for controlling the adaptive responses using selected examples.
植物细胞壁是高度动态和化学复杂的结构，包围着所有植物细胞。它们提供结构支撑、抵御非生物和生物胁迫的保护，以及确保膨压的封闭。最近的证据表明，植物中存在一种专门的机制，它监测细胞壁的功能完整性，并在生长、发育或暴露于生物和非生物胁迫时引发适应性反应以维持完整性。现有的证据表明，损伤的检测涉及机械感知，而活性氧和植物激素信号转导过程在信号的产生和调节适应性反应中起着关键作用。最近，也明显的是，介导细胞壁完整性维持和模式触发免疫的机制相互作用，以调节对生物胁迫和细胞壁完整性损伤的适应性反应。在这里，我们将首先回顾我们目前对维持机制作用模式的认识，讨论介导对生物胁迫反应的机制，并强调这两种机制如何调节适应性反应。这第一部分将集中在拟南芥上，因为大部分相关知识都来自这个模式生物。然后，我们将讨论在多大程度上相关的分子机制在其他植物物种中是保守的，并通过选择例子讨论负责控制适应性反应的转录机制的当前知识。
