硫氨基酸补充剂对急性和慢性周期性热应激肉鸡的影响。
Effects of sulfur amino acid supplementation on broiler chickens exposed to acute and chronic cyclic heat stress.
机构信息
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
出版信息
Poult Sci. 2022 Jul;101(7):101952. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101952. Epub 2022 May 6.
Chronic heat stress can result in oxidative damage from increased reactive oxygen species. One proposed method to alleviate the chronic effects of HS is the supplementation of sulfur amino acids (SAA) which can be metabolized to glutathione, an important antioxidant. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of dietary SAA content on broiler chickens exposed to HS from 28 to 35 d on broiler performance, body temperature, intestinal permeability, and oxidative status. Four experimental treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial consisting of HS (6 h at 33.3°C followed by 18 h at 27.8°C from 28 to 35 d of age) and Thermoneutral (TN- 22.2°C continuously from 28 to 35 d) and 2 dietary concentrations of SAA formulated at 100% (0.95, 0.87, and 0.80% for starter, grower, and finisher diets) or 130% SAA (1.24, 1.13, and 1.04% for starter, grower, and finisher diets). A total of 648-day-old, male Ross 708 chicks were placed in 36 pens with 18 chicks/pen and 9 replicates per treatment. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial in JMP 14 (P ≤ 0.05). No interaction effects were observed on broiler live performance (P > 0.05). As expected, HS reduced BWG by 92 g and increased FCR by 11 points from 28 to 35 d of age compared to TN, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). The supplementation of SAA had no effect on live performance (P > 0.05). Cloacal temperatures were increased by 1.7, 1.4, and 1.2°C with HS at 28, 31, and 35 d compared to TN, respectively (P ≤ 0.05) and dietary SAA did not alter cloacal temperatures. At 28 d of age, supplementation of SAA to birds exposed to HS interacted as serum FITC-dextran (an indicator of intestinal permeability) was reduced to that of the TN group (P ≤ 0.05). The interaction was lost at 31 d, but HS still increased intestinal permeability (P ≤ 0.05). By 35 d, broilers were able to adapt to the HS conditions and intestinal permeability was unaffected (P > 0.05). Potential oxidative damage was reduced by increased SAA supplementation as indicated by an improvement in the reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione ratio of 5 and 45 % at 28 (P = 0.08) and 35 d (P ≤ 0.05). These data suggest that intestinal permeability is compromised initially and to at least three d of heat exposure before the bird can adjust. However, oxidative damage in the liver of broilers exposed to HS is more chronic, building over the entire 7 d HS period and increased dietary SAA might have some protective effects on both broiler intestinal permeability and oxidative stress responses to HS.
慢性热应激会导致活性氧增加引起的氧化损伤。一种缓解 HS 慢性影响的方法是补充含硫氨基酸 (SAA),其可以代谢为谷胱甘肽,这是一种重要的抗氧化剂。因此,本实验的目的是确定日粮 SAA 含量对 28 至 35 日龄肉鸡暴露于 HS (28 至 35 日龄期间每天 6 小时 33.3°C,然后 18 小时 27.8°C)对肉鸡生产性能、体温、肠道通透性和氧化状态的影响。四个实验处理采用 2×2 因子设计,包括 HS(28 至 35 日龄期间每天 6 小时 33.3°C,然后 18 小时 27.8°C)和温热(TN-22.2°C 连续 28 至 35 日龄)和 2 种日粮 SAA 浓度,分别为 100%(起始、生长和育肥日粮分别为 0.95、0.87 和 0.80%)或 130% SAA(起始、生长和育肥日粮分别为 1.24、1.13 和 1.04%)。共有 648 日龄雄性罗斯 708 小鸡被放置在 36 个围栏中,每个围栏 18 只小鸡,每个处理 9 个重复。数据以 JMP 14 (P≤0.05)进行 2×2 因子分析。肉鸡生产性能无互作效应(P>0.05)。与 TN 相比,HS 分别使 28 至 35 日龄肉鸡的体重增重降低 92g,饲料转化率提高 11 点(P≤0.05)。SAA 补充对生产性能没有影响(P>0.05)。与 TN 相比,28、31 和 35 日龄时,HS 使泄殖腔温度分别升高 1.7、1.4 和 1.2°C(P≤0.05),日粮 SAA 不改变泄殖腔温度。28 日龄时,HS 暴露的鸡补充 SAA 相互作用,血清 FITC-右旋糖酐(肠道通透性的指示物)降低至 TN 组(P≤0.05)。31 日龄时,这种相互作用消失,但 HS 仍增加肠道通透性(P≤0.05)。到 35 日龄时,肉鸡能够适应 HS 条件,肠道通透性不受影响(P>0.05)。增加 SAA 补充可减少潜在的氧化损伤,表现为还原型谷胱甘肽与氧化型谷胱甘肽的比值在 28 日龄(P=0.08)和 35 日龄(P≤0.05)分别提高 5%和 45%。这些数据表明,肠道通透性在暴露于 HS 至少 3 天之前最初受到损害,然后鸡才能适应。然而,HS 暴露的肉鸡肝脏中的氧化损伤更为慢性,在整个 7 天 HS 期间逐渐积累,增加日粮 SAA 可能对肉鸡肠道通透性和对 HS 的氧化应激反应都有一定的保护作用。