Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
Rebuclic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Kayseri, Turkey.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022 Jun 11;38(8):132. doi: 10.1007/s11274-022-03315-3.
This study was aimed at the isolation and identification of Arcobacter spp. and Campylobacter spp. from fresh vegetables sold at district markets in the Kayseri province, and at the determination of the antibacterial susceptibility of the recovered isolates. For this purpose, a total of 175 vegetable samples, including 35 spinach, 35 lettuce, 35 parsley, 35 arugula, and 35 radish samples, were collected. While the pre-enrichment and membrane filtration techniques were used for the isolation of Arcobacter spp., the pre-enrichment and direct inoculation methods were used for the isolation of Campylobacter spp. The isolates were identified by means of phenotypic tests and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using genus- and species-specific primers. In addition, the susceptibilities of the isolates to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline were determined by the disk diffusion method. Out of the 175 vegetable samples tested, 93 (53.14%) were found to be positive for Arcobacter spp., and 119 Arcobacter spp. isolates were recovered from these 93 positive samples. All of the samples examined were found to be negative for Campylobacter spp. One hundred one (86%) and 14 (10%) of the 119 Arcobacter isolates obtained were identified as A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus, respectively, but four isolates could not be identified at the species level by mPCR. Mixed contamination with more than one species and/or genotypes of Arcobacter was detected in 24 of the positive samples. While all of the Arcobacter isolates were susceptible to erythromycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, and tetracycline, 2 (1.68%), 2 (1.68%), and 5 (4.20%) isolates were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin, and neomycin, respectively. Consequently, the determination of a high prevalence of arcobacters and mixed contamination with more than one species and/or genotypes of arcobacters in vegetables often consumed raw by humans demonstrated that the consumption of raw vegetables may be a risk to the public health.
本研究旨在从开塞利省地区市场销售的新鲜蔬菜中分离和鉴定弯曲菌属和弧菌属，并确定回收分离株的抗菌敏感性。为此，共采集了 175 个蔬菜样本，包括 35 个菠菜、35 个生菜、35 个欧芹、35 个芝麻菜和 35 个萝卜样本。在分离弯曲菌属时使用预富集和膜过滤技术，在分离弧菌属时使用预富集和直接接种方法。通过表型试验和聚合酶链反应（PCR），使用属和种特异性引物对分离株进行鉴定。此外，采用纸片扩散法测定分离株对阿莫西林克拉维酸、恩诺沙星、红霉素、庆大霉素、新霉素、链霉素和四环素的敏感性。在检测的 175 个蔬菜样本中，93 个（53.14%）被检测为弧菌属阳性，从这 93 个阳性样本中回收了 119 个弧菌属分离株。所有检查的样本均为弯曲菌属阴性。从 119 个弧菌属分离株中，有 101 株（86%）和 14 株（10%）分别鉴定为 A. butzleri 和 A. cryaerophilus，但通过 mPCR 无法在种水平上鉴定出 4 个分离株。在 24 个阳性样本中检测到一种以上的弧菌属和/或基因型的混合污染。虽然所有弧菌属分离株对红霉素、庆大霉素、链霉素和四环素均敏感，但有 2 株（1.68%）、2 株（1.68%）和 5 株（4.20%）分离株分别对阿莫西林克拉维酸、恩诺沙星和新霉素耐药。因此，确定人类经常生吃的蔬菜中弧菌属的高流行率和一种以上的弧菌属和/或基因型的混合污染表明，食用生蔬菜可能对公众健康构成风险。
