Kreling Vanessa, Falcone Franco H, Kehrenberg Corinna, Hensel Andreas
Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
Institute of Parasitology, University of Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020 Dec;104(24):10409-10436. doi: 10.1007/s00253-020-10974-5. Epub 2020 Nov 13.
Infections caused by bacterial species from the genus Campylobacter are one of the four main causes of strong diarrheal enteritis worldwide. Campylobacteriosis, a typical food-borne disease, can range from mild symptoms to fatal illness. About 550 million people worldwide suffer from campylobacteriosis and lethality is about 33 million p.a. This review summarizes the state of the current knowledge on Campylobacter with focus on its specific virulence factors. Using this knowledge, multifactorial prevention strategies can be implemented to reduce the prevalence of Campylobacter in the food chain. In particular, antiadhesive strategies with specific adhesion inhibitors seem to be a promising concept for reducing Campylobacter bacterial load in poultry production. Antivirulence compounds against bacterial adhesion to and/or invasion into the host cells can open new fields for innovative antibacterial agents. Influencing chemotaxis, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, secretion systems, or toxins by specific inhibitors can help to reduce virulence of the bacterium. In addition, the unusual glycosylation of the bacterium, being a prerequisite for effective phase variation and adaption to different hosts, is yet an unexplored target for combating Campylobacter sp. Plant extracts are widely used remedies in developing countries to combat infections with Campylobacter. Therefore, the present review summarizes the use of natural products against the bacterium in an attempt to stimulate innovative research concepts on the manifold still open questions behind Campylobacter towards improved treatment and sanitation of animal vectors, treatment of infected patients, and new strategies for prevention. KEY POINTS: • Campylobacter sp. is a main cause of strong enteritis worldwide. • Main virulence factors: cytolethal distending toxin, adhesion proteins, invasion machinery. • Strong need for development of antivirulence compounds.
弯曲杆菌属细菌引起的感染是全球严重腹泻性肠炎的四大主要病因之一。弯曲杆菌病是一种典型的食源性疾病，症状从轻微到致命不等。全球约有5.5亿人感染弯曲杆菌病，每年致死人数约为3300万。本综述总结了关于弯曲杆菌的现有知识状况，重点关注其特定毒力因子。利用这些知识，可以实施多因素预防策略，以降低弯曲杆菌在食物链中的流行率。特别是，使用特定黏附抑制剂的抗黏附策略似乎是降低家禽生产中弯曲杆菌细菌载量的一个有前景的概念。针对细菌黏附于和/或侵入宿主细胞的抗毒力化合物可为新型抗菌剂开辟新领域。通过特定抑制剂影响趋化性、生物膜形成、群体感应、分泌系统或毒素，有助于降低细菌的毒力。此外，细菌的异常糖基化是有效相变和适应不同宿主的先决条件，仍是对抗弯曲杆菌属的一个未被探索的靶点。植物提取物在发展中国家被广泛用于对抗弯曲杆菌感染。因此，本综述总结了天然产物对该细菌的应用，试图激发关于弯曲杆菌背后众多仍未解决问题的创新研究概念，以改善动物载体的治疗和卫生、感染患者的治疗以及新的预防策略。要点：• 弯曲杆菌属是全球严重肠炎的主要病因。• 主要毒力因子：细胞致死性膨胀毒素、黏附蛋白、侵入机制。• 迫切需要开发抗毒力化合物。
