Ozma Mahdi Asghari, Abbasi Amin, Akrami Sousan, Lahouty Masoud, Shahbazi Nayyer, Ganbarov Khudaverdi, Pagliano Pasquale, Sabahi Sahar, Köse Şükran, Yousefi Mehdi, Dao Sounkalo, Asgharzadeh Mohammad, Hosseini Hedayat, Kafil Hossein Samadi
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Infez Med. 2022 Jun 1;30(2):180-193. doi: 10.53854/liim-3002-3. eCollection 2022.
The priority of the Sustainable Development Goals for 2022 is to reduce all causes related to mortality. In this regard, microbial bioactive compounds with characteristics such as optimal compatibility and close interaction with the host immune system are considered a novel therapeutic approach. The fermentation process is one of the most well-known pathways involved in the natural synthesis of a diverse range of postbiotics. However, some postbiotics are a type of probiotic response behavior to environmental stimuli that usually play well-known biological roles. Also, postbiotics with unique structure and function are key mediators between intestinal microbiota and host cellular processes/metabolic pathways that play a significant role in maintaining homeostasis. By further understanding the nature of parent microbial cells, factors affecting their metabolic pathways, and the development of compatible extraction and identification methods, it is possible to achieve certain formulations of postbiotics with special efficiencies, which in turn will significantly improve the performance of health systems (especially in developing countries) toward a wide range of acute/chronic diseases. The present review aims to describe the fundamental role of postbiotics as the key mediators of the microbiota-host interactions. Besides, it presents the available current evidence regarding the interaction between postbiotics and host cells through potential cell receptors, stimulation/improvement of immune system function, and the enhancement of the composition and function of the human microbiome.
2022年可持续发展目标的重点是减少所有与死亡率相关的因素。在这方面，具有与宿主免疫系统最佳兼容性和密切相互作用等特性的微生物生物活性化合物被认为是一种新型治疗方法。发酵过程是参与多种后生元天然合成的最知名途径之一。然而，一些后生元是益生菌对环境刺激的一种反应行为，通常发挥着众所周知的生物学作用。此外，具有独特结构和功能的后生元是肠道微生物群与宿主细胞过程/代谢途径之间的关键介质，在维持体内平衡方面发挥着重要作用。通过进一步了解亲本微生物细胞的性质、影响其代谢途径的因素以及开发兼容的提取和鉴定方法，有可能实现具有特殊功效的后生元的某些配方，这反过来将显著提高卫生系统（特别是在发展中国家）对多种急性/慢性疾病的治疗效果。本综述旨在描述后生元作为微生物群与宿主相互作用的关键介质的基本作用。此外，它还介绍了目前关于后生元与宿主细胞通过潜在细胞受体相互作用、刺激/改善免疫系统功能以及增强人类微生物组的组成和功能的现有证据。
