Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022 Sep;106(18):5879-5891. doi: 10.1007/s00253-022-12116-5. Epub 2022 Aug 26.
Postbiotics are a new class of health-promoting molecules that derive from probiotics. These new cosmetic and dermatological ingredients are defined as a 'preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host'. This review focuses on what is presently known of these compounds, the benefits of using them, the main postbiotics products available in the market and players, the production key trends and available production methods. The main advantages identified for the use of postbiotics are related to their higher specificity of action on resident microbiota as of interaction with cells of the host compared to probiotics. Postbiotics can be produced/obtained especially through fermentative processes, but most of companies industrial processes are patented. Most of these compounds are usually derived from lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus genera and/or yeasts, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Postbiotics go from metabolites like teichoic acids to polysaccharides among others and exhibit important biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory-the reason why their use in cosmetic formulations must be considered. Besides that, when compared to probiotics, postbiotics have longer shelf life and greater safety and do not require viability in the topical formulation which turns them into an innovative approach within the cosmetic ingredients market. The main players are companies that operate in several areas, such as the chemical industry, food innovation, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, and the critical trends for production of these compounds include energy efficiency, emission-free mobility, conservation of finite resources and renewable raw material utilization. KEY POINTS: • Postbiotics are mainly derived from lactic acid bacteria and S. cerevisiae. • Postbiotics exhibit several biological properties. • Postbiotics present several advantages over probiotics.
后生元是一类新的促健康分子，源自益生菌。这些新的化妆品和皮肤学成分被定义为“一种由非生命微生物及其成分组成的制剂，对宿主有健康益处”。本综述重点介绍了这些化合物的已知情况、使用它们的益处、市场上现有的主要后生元产品和参与者、主要生产趋势和可用的生产方法。与益生菌相比，后生元的主要优势与其对常驻微生物群的作用特异性以及与宿主细胞的相互作用有关。后生元可以通过发酵过程生产/获得，但是大多数公司的工业生产过程都是专利的。这些化合物通常来自乳酸菌、乳杆菌属和/或酵母，尤其是酿酒酵母。后生元的种类繁多，从聚谷氨酸到糖肽等代谢物，具有重要的生物学特性，如抗氧化、抗炎、抗增殖和免疫调节，这也是它们在化妆品配方中的应用必须被考虑的原因。此外，与益生菌相比，后生元的保质期更长，安全性更高，并且在局部制剂中不需要存活，这使它们成为化妆品成分市场的创新方法。主要参与者是在化学工业、食品创新、制药和化妆品行业等多个领域运营的公司，这些化合物的主要生产趋势包括提高能源效率、实现无排放的流动性、保护有限资源和利用可再生原料。
后生元主要源自乳酸菌和酿酒酵母。
后生元具有多种生物学特性。
后生元比益生菌具有更多优势。
