Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
Addict Behav. 2022 Nov;134:107383. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107383. Epub 2022 May 31.
While tobacco and alcohol co-use is highly prevalent across the United States, little experimental research has examined ways to counter such dual use. We developed and tested messages about the risks of co-using tobacco and alcohol among adults who used a combustible tobacco product and drank alcohol within the 30 days.
In an online experiment, 1,300 participants were randomly assigned to read different messages about tobacco and alcohol co-use (e.g., Alcohol and tobacco cause throat cancer). Three between-subjects experiments manipulated the presence of: 1) a marker word (e.g., Warning), 2) text describing the symptoms of health effects and a quitting self-efficacy cue, and 3) an image depicting the health effect. Participants rated each message using a validated Perceived Message Effectiveness (PME) scale. We used independent samples t-tests to examine differences between experimental conditions. Results include effect sizes (Cohen's d) to compare standardized mean differences.
Our sample was 64% male, 70% white, 23% Black, and 17% Hispanic/Latino with a mean age of 42.4 (SD = 16.4) years. Messages that described the symptoms of the health effect (d = 0.17, p = 0.002) and included an image (d = 0.11, p = 0.04) were rated significantly higher in PME compared with messages that did not describe symptoms and were text-only. We found no significant effects of a marker word or self-efficacy cue on PME.
Messages that describe the symptoms of health effects and include text and images may be particularly effective for communicating the risks of tobacco and alcohol co-use and decreasing adverse health effects from co-use.
虽然美国普遍存在同时使用烟草和酒精的情况，但很少有实验研究探讨如何应对这种双重使用。我们开发并测试了针对在过去 30 天内使用可燃烟草产品和饮酒的成年人的关于同时使用烟草和酒精风险的信息。
在一项在线实验中，1300 名参与者被随机分配阅读关于烟草和酒精同时使用的不同信息（例如，酒精和烟草会导致喉癌）。三个被试间实验分别操纵了以下因素的存在：1）警示语，2）描述健康影响症状和戒烟自我效能线索的文本，3）描述健康影响的图像。参与者使用经过验证的感知信息有效性（PME）量表对每条信息进行评分。我们使用独立样本 t 检验来检验实验条件之间的差异。结果包括效应大小（Cohen's d），用于比较标准化平均差异。
我们的样本中，男性占 64%，白人占 70%，黑人占 23%，西班牙裔/拉丁裔占 17%，平均年龄为 42.4（标准差=16.4）岁。与不描述症状且仅为文本的信息相比，描述健康影响症状（d=0.17，p=0.002）和包含图像（d=0.11，p=0.04）的信息在 PME 中的评分显著更高。我们没有发现警示语或自我效能线索对 PME 有显著影响。
描述健康影响症状并包含文本和图像的信息可能特别有效，可以用于传达同时使用烟草和酒精的风险，并减少双重使用带来的不良健康影响。
