Choi Lee-Seoul, Ahmed Kainat, Kim Young-Seol, Yim Jung-Eun
Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea.
Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human Ecology, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea.
Heliyon. 2022 Jun 2;8(6):e09571. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09571. eCollection 2022 Jun.
The formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) takes place during normal aging; however, their production is faster in people having diabetes. The accumulated AGEs reportedly play a role in the occurrence of various age-related disorders. Furthermore, the skin autofluorescence (SAF) technique can be used to detect accumulated AGEs levels. There are few reports on the association between skin accumulation of AGEs and risk of complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
In this study, we aimed to describe the association between the skin accumulation of AGEs and cardiovascular risk factors in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 310 Korean patients with diabetes were enrolled, and the levels of AGEs were measured using SAP. Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBS), triglycerides, total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, proteinuria, arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV), and blood vessel age were measured using an automatic waveform analyzer. General linear models were used to identify the independent effect of AGEs after adjusting for covariates (age, weight, and duration of diabetes).
The skin levels of AGEs were strongly correlated with the diabetes duration. Significant independent associations were observed for AGEs with FBS ( < 0.01), proteinuria ( < 0.001), and PWV ( < 0.001). The advanced glycated product was independently associated to the arterial pulse wave conduction velocity that is used as a representative method for measuring arteriosclerosis by analysis early cardiovascular risk factors.
Our results show that an increase in SAF levels in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with PWV and vein age, and thereby with arterial stiffness. Therefore, our results suggest that AGEs are associated with cardiovascular risk factors. The level of AGEs can thus be used as an indicator of cardiovascular diseases in the clinical diagnosis of patients with type 2 diabetes.
晚期糖基化终末产物（AGEs）的形成在正常衰老过程中会发生；然而，糖尿病患者体内AGEs的产生速度更快。据报道，累积的AGEs在各种与年龄相关的疾病发生中起作用。此外，皮肤自发荧光（SAF）技术可用于检测累积的AGEs水平。关于2型糖尿病患者皮肤中AGEs的积累与并发症风险之间的关联，报道较少。
在本研究中，我们旨在描述韩国2型糖尿病患者皮肤中AGEs的积累与心血管危险因素之间的关联。共纳入310名韩国糖尿病患者，使用皮肤自发荧光（SAF）测量AGEs水平。使用自动波形分析仪测量空腹血糖（FBS）、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、蛋白尿、动脉脉搏波速度（PWV）和血管年龄水平。在调整协变量（年龄、体重和糖尿病病程）后，使用一般线性模型确定AGEs的独立作用。
皮肤中AGEs水平与糖尿病病程密切相关。观察到AGEs与FBS（<0.01）、蛋白尿（<0.001）和PWV（<0.001）之间存在显著的独立关联。通过分析早期心血管危险因素，晚期糖基化产物与用作测量动脉硬化的代表性方法的动脉脉搏波传导速度独立相关。
我们的结果表明，韩国2型糖尿病患者皮肤自发荧光（SAF）水平的升高与PWV和血管年龄相关，从而与动脉僵硬度相关。因此，我们的结果表明AGEs与心血管危险因素相关。因此，在2型糖尿病患者的临床诊断中，AGEs水平可作为心血管疾病的一个指标。
