评估新型房屋设计对非洲农村儿童疟疾发病率的影响：家庭集群随机对照优效性试验研究方案。
Assessing the impact of a novel house design on the incidence of malaria in children in rural Africa: study protocol for a household-cluster randomized controlled superiority trial.
机构信息
CSK Research Solutions, Mtwara, Tanzania.
Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
出版信息
Trials. 2022 Jun 20;23(1):519. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06461-z.
BACKGROUND
Traditional rural housing in hot, humid regions of sub-Saharan Africa usually consists of single-level, poorly ventilated dwellings. Houses are mostly poorly screened against malaria mosquitoes and limited airflow discourages the use of bednets resulting in high indoor transmission. This study aims to determine whether living in a novel design house with elevated bedrooms and permeable screened walls reduces malaria, respiratory tract infections, and diarrhoea among children in rural Tanzania.
METHODS/STUDY DESIGN: This is a household-randomized, controlled study in 60 villages in Mtwara, Tanzania. A total of 550 households are randomly selected, 110 of which are allocated a novel design house and 440 households continue to reside in traditional houses. A dynamic cohort of about 1650 children under 13 years will be enrolled and followed for 3 years, approximately 330 living in novel design houses and 1320 in traditional rural houses. The primary endpoint is the incidence of malaria; secondary endpoints are incidences of acute respiratory tract infections and diarrhoea diseases detected by passive and active surveillance. Exposure to malaria vectors will be assessed using light traps in all study houses. Structural, economic, and social science studies will assess the durability, cost-effectiveness, and acceptability of the new houses compared with traditional housing. Environmental data will be collected indoors and outdoors in study homes to assess the differences between house typologies.
DISCUSSION
This is the first randomized controlled trial to assess the protective efficacy of a new house design targeting malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. The findings of this study could influence the future construction of homes in hot and humid zones of Africa.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04529434 . Registered on August 27, 2020.
背景
撒哈拉以南非洲炎热潮湿地区的传统农村住房通常为单层、通风不良的住宅。这些房屋对疟疾蚊子的防护措施很差，有限的空气流通也阻碍了蚊帐的使用，导致室内传播率很高。本研究旨在确定居住在具有升高的卧室和透气筛墙的新型设计房屋中是否能降低坦桑尼亚农村儿童患疟疾、呼吸道感染和腹泻的风险。
方法/研究设计：这是在坦桑尼亚姆特瓦拉的 60 个村庄进行的一项家庭随机对照研究。总共随机选择了 550 户家庭，其中 110 户分配到新型设计房屋，440 户继续居住在传统房屋中。一个约 1650 名 13 岁以下儿童的动态队列将被招募并随访 3 年，其中约 330 名居住在新型设计房屋中，1320 名居住在传统农村房屋中。主要终点是疟疾发病率；次要终点是通过被动和主动监测检测到的急性呼吸道感染和腹泻疾病的发病率。将在所有研究房屋中使用诱蚊灯评估疟疾传播媒介的暴露情况。结构、经济和社会科学研究将评估新型房屋与传统住房相比的耐久性、成本效益和可接受性。将在研究房屋内和室外收集环境数据，以评估房屋类型之间的差异。
讨论
这是第一项评估针对撒哈拉以南非洲疟疾的新型房屋设计的保护效果的随机对照试验。本研究的结果可能会影响非洲炎热潮湿地区未来的房屋建设。
试验注册
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04529434。于 2020 年 8 月 27 日注册。
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