Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh 51511, Egypt.
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34511, Egypt.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 13;19(12):7250. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127250.
The purpose of this study was to discover how abundant toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins are in animal feedstuff samples. A total of ninety samples representing various types of animal feedstuff samples were collected from ninety sites in Egypt. Isolation, identification, and determination of mycotoxins (aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, and ochratoxin A) were performed. The results revealed that 79 (87.77%) of the samples were contaminated with fungi, and 1.1 × 10 CFU/g were recovered, including 41 fungal species belonging to 18 genera, such as Zygomycota, which was represented by three species (7.31% of the total species number), teleomorphic Ascomycota (10 species, 24.39%), and anamorphic Ascomycota (28 species, 69.29%). When taxonomically investigated, these species were categorized into 2 phyla, 4 classes, 6 orders, and 12 families (one of them with an uncertain position). Moreover, the genus exhibited 16 species (39.02%). Notably, site no. 6 showed the highest Margalef species richness index at 10.87 followed by site no. 4, while the Shannon diversity index (H) of the recovered taxa was 2.20. Based on the frequency of occurrence, recorded the highest percentage (65.56%) followed by . (50%) and (40%). Genus was recorded in 75 samples (88.33%), while appeared only in 43 samples, accounting for 47.77% out of 90 samples. The High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was recorded in two animal feedstuff samples at a ratio of 0.851 and 1.363 µg/kg, While AFB2 was discovered in only one animal feedstuff sample at a ratio of 0.479 g/kg. The aflatoxins levels in the positive samples (AFB1 and AFB2) Beef cattle sample components were below the permissible limit for animal feedstuff which is (20 g/kg). Although aflatoxins were found in certain samples, the amounts were much below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) defined by the international authorities or Egyptian guidelines. toxigenic fungi found in contaminated animal feed samples pose a major threat to animal and poultry health, productivity, and even human health. Therefore, periodic monitoring is an excellent way to keep track of their existence and mitigate their hazards.
本研究旨在探究动物饲料样本中产毒真菌和霉菌毒素的丰度。从埃及 90 个地点采集了 90 个代表不同类型动物饲料样本的共 90 个样本。进行了真菌的分离、鉴定和霉菌毒素（黄曲霉毒素 B1、B2、G1、G2 和赭曲霉毒素 A）的测定。结果显示，79 个（87.77%）样本受到真菌污染，回收的真菌数量为 1.1×10 CFU/g，包括 41 种真菌，属于 18 个属，如属于接合菌门的三个种（占总种数的 7.31%）、有性型子囊菌（10 种，24.39%）和无性型子囊菌（28 种，69.29%）。当进行分类学调查时，这些物种被分为 2 个门、4 个纲、6 个目和 12 个科（其中一个科的位置不确定）。此外，属记录了 16 个种（39.02%）。值得注意的是，第 6 个采样点的 Margalef 物种丰富度指数最高，为 10.87，其次是第 4 个采样点，而回收菌群的 Shannon 多样性指数（H）为 2.20。根据出现频率，属记录的百分比最高（65.56%），其次是属（50%）和属（40%）。属在 75 个样本（88.33%）中被记录到，而属仅在 43 个样本中被记录到，占 90 个样本的 47.77%。高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析显示，两种动物饲料样本中均检测到黄曲霉毒素 B1（AFB1），比例分别为 0.851 和 1.363μg/kg，而黄曲霉毒素 B2 仅在一种动物饲料样本中被检出，比例为 0.479μg/kg。阳性样本（AFB1 和 AFB2）中牛肉样品成分的黄曲霉毒素含量低于动物饲料的允许限量（20μg/kg）。尽管在某些样本中发现了黄曲霉毒素，但含量远低于国际权威机构或埃及准则规定的最大残留限量（MRLs）。污染动物饲料样本中的产毒真菌对动物和家禽的健康、生产力甚至人类健康构成重大威胁。因此，定期监测是跟踪其存在并减轻其危害的绝佳方法。
