State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jun 19;23(12):6818. doi: 10.3390/ijms23126818.
As an important source of protein for livestock and human consumption, is cultivated worldwide, but its seed production is hampered at high altitudes because of the short frost-free period. Flowering represents the transition from a vegetative to a reproductive period, and early flowering benefits plant seed production at high altitudes. However, the molecular mechanisms of flowering regulation in remain elusive. In the present study, two accessions with different flowering characteristics were used: Lan3 (early-flowering) was cultivated by our laboratory, and 503 (late-flowering) was selected from 222 accessions after three years of field experiments. The shoot samples (shoot tip length = 10 cm) of these two accessions were collected 63, 70, and 77 days after sowing, and the molecular regulatory mechanism of the flowering process was identified by integrative analyses of the transcriptomes and metabolomes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment showed that the synthesis and signal transduction of plant hormone pathways were the most enriched pathways in 4274 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and in 259 differential metabolites between Lan3 and 503. Moreover, the contents of three metabolites related to salicylic acid biosynthesis and the transcription levels of two DEGs related to salicylic acid signal transduction in Lan3 were higher than those in 503. Further verification in various accessions indicated that salicylic acid metabolism may be involved in the flowering regulation process of . These findings provide valuable information for understanding the flowering mechanism and for promoting breeding research in .
作为家畜和人类食用的重要蛋白质来源，在世界各地都有种植，但由于无霜期短，其种子生产在高海拔地区受到阻碍。开花代表着从营养生长到生殖生长的转变，早期开花有利于高海拔地区植物的种子生产。然而， 的开花调控分子机制仍不清楚。本研究以两个具有不同开花特性的 品系为材料：Lan3（早花）由本实验室培育，503（晚花）是从 222 个品系中经过 3 年田间试验选择的。在播种后 63、70 和 77 天，采集这两个品系的茎尖样本（茎尖长度=10cm），通过对转录组和代谢组的综合分析，鉴定开花过程的分子调控机制。京都基因与基因组百科全书富集分析表明，在 4274 个差异表达基因（DEGs）和 259 个 Lan3 和 503 之间差异代谢物中，植物激素途径的合成和信号转导途径最为丰富。此外，Lan3 中与水杨酸生物合成相关的三种代谢物的含量和与水杨酸信号转导相关的两个 DEG 的转录水平均高于 503。在不同品系中的进一步验证表明，水杨酸代谢可能参与了 的开花调控过程。这些发现为了解 的开花机制提供了有价值的信息，并为推动 的育种研究提供了依据。
