Russo Andrea, Boldini Alessandro, Romano Davide, Mazza Giuseppina, Bignotti Stefano, Morescalchi Francesco, Semeraro Francesco
Eye Clinic, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Centro Oculistico Bresciano, Brescia, Italy.
J Ophthalmol. 2022 Jun 14;2022:1004977. doi: 10.1155/2022/1004977. eCollection 2022.
This topical review aimed to update and clarify the behavioral, pharmacological, surgical, and optical strategies that are currently available to prevent and reduce myopia progression. Myopia is the commonest ocular abnormality; reinstated interest is associated with high and increasing prevalence, especially but not, in the Asian population and progressive nature in children. The growing global prevalence seems to be associated with both genetic and environmental factors such as spending more time indoor and using digital devices, particularly during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Various options have been assessed to prevent or reduce myopia progression in children. In this review, we assess the effects of several types of measures, including spending more time outdoor, optical interventions such as the bifocal/progressive spectacle lenses, soft bifocal/multifocal/extended depth of focus/orthokeratology contact lenses, refractive surgery, and pharmacological treatments. All these options for controlling myopia progression in children have various degrees of efficacy. Atropine, orthokeratology/peripheral defocus contact and spectacle lenses, bifocal or progressive addition spectacles, and increased outdoor activities have been associated with the highest, moderate, and lower efficacies, respectively.
本专题综述旨在更新和阐明目前可用于预防和减缓近视进展的行为、药理学、手术和光学策略。近视是最常见的眼部异常；重新引起关注与近视的高患病率且患病率不断上升有关，尤其是在亚洲人群中（但不仅限于此），以及儿童近视的进展性。全球近视患病率的上升似乎与遗传和环境因素都有关，比如更多时间待在室内和使用数字设备，尤其是在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间。人们已经评估了多种预防或减缓儿童近视进展的方法。在本综述中，我们评估了几种措施的效果，包括增加户外活动时间、光学干预措施，如双焦点/渐进多焦点眼镜、软性双焦点/多焦点/扩展焦深/角膜塑形术隐形眼镜、屈光手术以及药物治疗。所有这些控制儿童近视进展的方法都有不同程度的疗效。阿托品、角膜塑形术/周边离焦隐形眼镜和眼镜、双焦点或渐进多焦点眼镜以及增加户外活动，分别与最高、中等和较低的疗效相关。
