Al-Kafaween Mohammad A, Nagi Al-Jamal Hamid A
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Iran J Microbiol. 2022 Apr;14(2):238-251. doi: 10.18502/ijm.v14i2.9193.
Honey has excellent antibacterial properties against various microorganisms of several different species. To date, there is no comparative evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Jarrah honey (JH), Kelulut Madu honey (KMH), Gelam honey (GH), and Acacia honey (AH) with that of Manuka honey (MH). The purpose of this study was to conduct such study and to compare the antibacterial activity of JH, KMH, GH, and AH with that of MH against and
Activity was assessed using broth microdilution, time kill viability, microtiter plate, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR).
The susceptibility tests revealed promising antibacterial activities of all honeys against both bacteria. The MICs of JH, KMH, GH, and AH ranged from 20% to 25% compared to MH (12.5%) against both bacteria. The MBCs of JH, KMH, GH, and AH ranged from 20% to 50% compared to MH (20%) against both bacteria. Treatment of both bacteria with 2× MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) of MH, JH, KMH, GH, and AH for 9 hours resulted in reduction in colony-forming unit (CFU/ml). SEM images showed that the morphological changes, cell destruction, cell lysis and biofilm disruption in both bacteria after exposure to all honeys. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the expression of all genes in both bacteria were downregulated following treatment with all honeys. Among the all-tested honeys, MH showed the highest total antibacterial and antivirulence activities.
Our results indicate that all honeys activity included inhibition of both bacteria due to a decrease in expression of essential genes associated with both bacteria, suggesting that all honeys could potentially be used as an alternative therapeutic agent against certain microorganisms particularly against and
蜂蜜对多种不同种类的微生物具有出色的抗菌特性。迄今为止，尚无对红柳桉树蜂蜜（JH）、克卢勒图蜂蜜（KMH）、白千层蜂蜜（GH）、刺槐蜂蜜（AH）与麦卢卡蜂蜜（MH）抗菌活性的比较评估。本研究的目的是进行此类研究，并比较JH、KMH、GH和AH与MH对[具体细菌名称缺失]和[具体细菌名称缺失]的抗菌活性。
使用肉汤微量稀释法、时间杀菌活力测定、微量滴定板、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和定量实时聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）评估活性。
药敏试验显示，所有蜂蜜对两种细菌均具有良好的抗菌活性。与MH（12.5%）相比，JH、KMH、GH和AH对两种细菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）范围为20%至25%。与MH（20%）相比，JH、KMH、GH和AH对两种细菌的最低杀菌浓度（MBC）范围为20%至50%。用MH、JH、KMH、GH和AH的2倍MIC（最低抑菌浓度）处理两种细菌9小时，导致菌落形成单位（CFU/ml）减少。SEM图像显示，暴露于所有蜂蜜后，两种细菌均出现形态变化、细胞破坏、细胞裂解和生物膜破坏。RT-qPCR分析显示，用所有蜂蜜处理后，两种细菌中所有基因的表达均下调。在所有测试的蜂蜜中，MH显示出最高的总抗菌和抗毒力活性。
我们的结果表明，所有蜂蜜的活性包括抑制两种细菌，这是由于与两种细菌相关的必需基因表达降低，表明所有蜂蜜都有可能用作对抗某些微生物的替代治疗剂，特别是对抗[具体细菌名称缺失]和[具体细菌名称缺失]。
