Genome-based reclassification of Anoxybacillus karvacharensis Panosyan et al. as a later heterotypic synonym of Anoxybacillus kestanbolensis Dulger et al. 2004; A. flavithermus subsp. yunnanensis CCTCC AB2010187 Dai et al. 2011 as a later heterotypic synonym of A. tengchongensis DSM 23211 Zhang et al. 2011.

In the present study, we attempted to clarify the taxonomic positions of Anoxybacillus karvacharensis K1, Anoxybacillus kestanbolensis NCIMB 13971, Anoxybacillus flavithermus subsp. yunnanensis CCTCC AB2010187, and Anoxybacillus tengchongensis DSM 23211 using whole-genome phylogenetic analysis. The genome sequence of A. kestanbolensis NCIMB13971 was not available in any database, so it was sequenced in this study. The 16S rRNA gene sequence obtained from the genome of A. kestanbolensis NCIMB13971 had 99.93% similarity with A. karvacharensis K1. The average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI), and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) values between A. karvacharensis K1 and A. kestanbolensis NCIMB13971 and between A. flavithermus subsp. yunnanensis CCTCCAB 2010187 and A. tengchongensis DSM 23211 were greater than the threshold values for species demarcation. The present results indicate that A. karvacharensis K1 is a later heterotypic synonym of A. kestanbolensis NCIMB13971; A. flavithermus subsp. yunnanensis CCTCCAB 2010187 is a later heterotypic synonym of A. tengchongensis DSM 23211.