Safi Ihab Nabeel, Hussein Basima Mohammed Ali, Al-Shammari Ahmed Majeed
Prosthetics Department, Collage of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2022 Jun;52(3):242-257. doi: 10.5051/jpis.2006080304.
This study investigated periodontal ligament (PDL) restoration in osseointegrated implants using stem cells.
Commercial pure titanium and zirconium oxide (zirconia) were coated with beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) using a long-pulse Nd:YAG laser (1,064 nm). Isolated bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMMSCs) from rabbit tibia and femur, isolated PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) from the lower right incisor, and co-cultured BMMSCs and PDLSCs were tested for periostin markers using an immunofluorescent assay. Implants with 3D-engineered tissue were implanted into the lower right central incisors after extraction from rabbits. Forty implants (Ti or zirconia) were subdivided according to the duration of implantation (healing period: 45 or 90 days). Each subgroup (20 implants) was subdivided into 4 groups (without cells, PDLSC sheets, BMMSC sheets, and co-culture cell sheets). All groups underwent histological testing involving haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry, stereoscopic analysis to measure the PDL width, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The natural lower central incisors were used as controls.
The BMMSCs co-cultured with PDLSCs generated a well-formed PDL tissue that exhibited positive periostin expression. Histological analysis showed that the implantation of coated (Ti and zirconia) dental implants without a cell sheet resulted in a well-osseointegrated implant at both healing intervals, which was confirmed with FESEM analysis and negative periostin expression. The mesenchymal tissue structured from PDLSCs only or co-cultured (BMMSCs and PDLSCs) could form a natural periodontal tissue with no significant difference between Ti and zirconia implants, consequently forming a biohybrid dental implant. Green fluorescence for periostin was clearly detected around the biohybrid implants after 45 and 90 days. FESEM showed the invasion of PDL-like fibres perpendicular to the cementum of the bio-hybrid implants.
β-TCP-coated (Ti and zirconia) implants generated periodontal tissue and formed biohybrid implants when mesenchymal-tissue-layered cell sheets were isolated from PDLSCs alone or co-cultured BMMSCs and PDLSCs.
本研究调查了使用干细胞进行骨结合种植体周围牙周膜（PDL）修复的情况。
使用长脉冲Nd:YAG激光（1064纳米）将β - 磷酸三钙（β - TCP）涂覆在商业纯钛和氧化锆（氧化锆）上。对从兔胫骨和股骨分离的骨髓间充质细胞（BMMSCs）、从右下切牙分离的PDL干细胞（PDLSCs）以及共培养的BMMSCs和PDLSCs进行免疫荧光测定，检测骨膜蛋白标记物。将具有三维工程组织的种植体植入兔右下中切牙拔除后的部位。40个种植体（钛或氧化锆）根据植入持续时间（愈合期：45天或90天）进行细分。每个亚组（20个种植体）再细分为4组（无细胞组、PDLSC片层组、BMMSC片层组和共培养细胞片层组）。所有组均进行组织学检测，包括苏木精和伊红染色及免疫组织化学、立体分析以测量PDL宽度以及场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）检测。天然下中切牙用作对照。
与PDLSCs共培养的BMMSCs产生了形成良好的PDL组织，该组织骨膜蛋白表达呈阳性。组织学分析表明，在两个愈合间隔期，植入无细胞片层的涂覆（钛和氧化锆）牙种植体均实现了良好的骨结合，FESEM分析和骨膜蛋白阴性表达证实了这一点。仅由PDLSCs或共培养（BMMSCs和PDLSCs）构建的间充质组织可形成天然牙周组织，钛和氧化锆种植体之间无显著差异，从而形成生物杂交牙种植体。45天和90天后，在生物杂交种植体周围清晰检测到骨膜蛋白的绿色荧光。FESEM显示类似PDL的纤维垂直侵入生物杂交种植体的牙骨质。
当单独从PDLSCs或共培养的BMMSCs和PDLSCs中分离间充质组织层状细胞片层时，β - TCP涂覆（钛和氧化锆）的种植体可产生牙周组织并形成生物杂交种植体。
