Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45F, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2022 Sep;77(3):383-389. doi: 10.1007/s11130-022-00989-w. Epub 2022 Jul 2.
Herbs are characterized by a high content of biologically active substances that positively affect human health. Phenolic compounds are one of the main bioactive compounds in these plants with highly beneficial properties (e.g., anti-carcinogenic, cardioprotective, immune system support and antibacterial). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the composition of free and bound phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in 10 different herbs (bogbean leaves, sage leaves, whole Indian hemp, whole heartsease, whole horsetail, whole blessed thistle, whole thyme, chamomile flower, corn silk and pine buds). Phenolic compounds were analyzed using the HPLC-TOF-MS/MS method, total phenolic (TP) and flavonoid (TF) contents were measured using spectrophotometric methods, while antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS and DPPH assays. The highest content of free TP was found in thyme, while sage was characterized by the highest range of these compounds released from ester and glycosidic derivatives by hydrolysis. In turn, the highest values of TF in non-hydrolyzed extracts were found in Indian hemp. The highest values of TF, including bound phenols were observed in extracts obtained from sage leaves. In the analyzed herbs thirty-three phenolic compounds were found, constituting 16 phenolic acids, 9 flavonoids and eight stilbenes. Moreover, the analyzed compounds appeared in the bound form than in the free form. The antioxidant activity of herb extracts differed significantly across varieties (P < 0.05). The research showed that each tested herb possesses its own fingerprint of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties.
草药的特点是含有丰富的生物活性物质，这些物质对人体健康有积极影响。酚类化合物是这些植物中主要的生物活性化合物之一，具有高度有益的特性（例如，抗癌、心脏保护、支持免疫系统和抗菌）。因此，本研究旨在确定 10 种不同草药（毛茛叶、鼠尾草叶、全印度大麻、全樱草、全木贼、全蓟、全百里香、甘菊、玉米须和松芽）中游离和结合酚类化合物的组成和抗氧化活性。使用 HPLC-TOF-MS/MS 方法分析酚类化合物，使用分光光度法测定总酚（TP）和类黄酮（TF）含量，通过 ABTS 和 DPPH 测定法测定抗氧化活性。百里香中游离 TP 的含量最高，而鼠尾草则以通过水解从酯和糖苷衍生化合物中释放出的这些化合物的范围最高为特征。反过来，印度大麻中非水解提取物中 TF 的含量最高。在未水解提取物中 TF 含量最高的是鼠尾草叶。在分析的草药中发现了三十三种酚类化合物，包括十六种酚酸、九种类黄酮和八种芪类化合物。此外，分析的化合物以结合形式存在的比以游离形式存在的多。草药提取物的抗氧化活性在不同品种之间有显著差异（P<0.05）。研究表明，每种测试的草药都具有其独特的酚类化合物和抗氧化特性指纹。
