Post Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, (UFF), Federal Fluminense University, Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica. Rua Marques Do Paraná, 303, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.
Post Graduation Program in Science of Nutrition, Sports and Metabolism, Faculty of Applied Sciences - State, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2022 Sep;11(3):395-406. doi: 10.1007/s13668-022-00426-z. Epub 2022 Jul 6.
This narrative review aimed to explore the functions of betaine and discuss its role in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Some studies on CKD animal models have shown the benefits of betaine supplementation, including decreased kidney damage, antioxidant recovery status, and decreased inflammation. Betaine (N-trimethylglycine) is an N-trimethylated amino acid with an essential regulatory osmotic function. Moreover, it is a methyl donor and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Additionally, betaine has positive effects on intestinal health by regulating the osmolality and gut microbiota. Due to these crucial functions, betaine has been studied in several diseases, including CKD, in which betaine plasma levels decline with the progression of the disease. Low betaine levels are linked to increased kidney damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal dysbiosis. Furthermore, betaine is considered an essential metabolite for identifying CKD stages.
本综述旨在探讨甜菜碱的功能，并讨论其在慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者中的作用。
一些 CKD 动物模型的研究表明，甜菜碱补充具有益处，包括减少肾脏损伤、抗氧化恢复状态和减少炎症。甜菜碱（N-三甲基甘氨酸）是一种 N-三甲基化氨基酸，具有必需的调节渗透压功能。此外，它还是一种甲基供体，具有抗炎和抗氧化特性。此外，甜菜碱通过调节渗透压和肠道微生物群对肠道健康有积极影响。由于这些关键功能，甜菜碱已在包括 CKD 在内的多种疾病中进行了研究，在这些疾病中，随着疾病的进展，甜菜碱的血浆水平下降。低甜菜碱水平与肾脏损伤增加、炎症、氧化应激和肠道菌群失调有关。此外，甜菜碱被认为是识别 CKD 阶段的必需代谢物。
