Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Front Public Health. 2022 Jun 21;10:910641. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.910641. eCollection 2022.
To quantify the burden and variation trends of cancers in children under 5 years at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2019.
Epidemiological data for children under 5 years who were diagnosed with any one childhood cancer were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) from 1990 to 2019. The outcomes were the absolute numbers and rates of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for different types of cancer.
In 2019, 8,774,979.1 incident cases (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 6,243,599.2 to11,737,568.5) and 8,956,583.8 (6,446,323.9 to 12,364,520.8) prevalent cases of cancer in children under 5 years were identified worldwide; these cancers resulted in 44,451.6 (36,198.7 to 53,905.9) deaths and 3,918,014.8 (3,196,454.9 to 4,751,304.2) DALYs. From 1990 to 2019, although the numbers of incident and prevalent cases only decreased by -4.6% (-7.0 to -2.2) and -8.3% (-12.6 to -3.4), respectively, the numbers of deaths and DALYs clearly declined by -47.8% (-60.7 to -26.4) and -47.7% (-60.7 to -26.2), respectively. In 2019, the middle sociodemographic index (SDI) regions had the highest incidence and prevalence, whereas the low SDI regions had the most mortality and DALYs. Although all of the SDI regions displayed a steady drop in deaths and DALYs between 1990 and 2019, the low-middle and low SDI regions showed increasing trends of incidence and prevalence. Leukemia remained the most common cancer globally in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the burdens of leukemia, liver cancer, and Hodgkin's lymphoma declined, whereas the incidence and prevalence of other cancers grew, particularly testicular cancer.
The global childhood cancer burden in young children has been steadily decreasing over the past three decades. However, the burdens and other characteristics have varied across different regions and types of cancers. This highlights the need to reorient current treatment strategies and establish effective prevention methods to reduce the global burden of childhood cancer.
从全球、区域和国家层面量化 1990 年至 2019 年 5 岁以下儿童癌症的负担和变化趋势。
从 1990 年至 2019 年，从全球疾病、伤害和危险因素研究（GBD）中获取了诊断为任何一种儿童癌症的 5 岁以下儿童的流行病学数据。结果为不同类型癌症的发病率、患病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年（DALY）的绝对数量和比率。
2019 年，全球范围内发现 8774979.1 例新发病例（95%不确定性区间[UI]：6243599.2 至 11737568.5）和 8956583.8 例现患病例（6446323.9 至 12364520.8）；这些癌症导致 44451.6 例死亡（36198.7 至 53905.9）和 3918014.8 例伤残调整生命年（3196454.9 至 4751304.2）。从 1990 年到 2019 年，虽然新发病例和现患病例的数量仅分别减少了-4.6%（-7.0 至-2.2）和-8.3%（-12.6 至-3.4），但死亡和伤残调整生命年的数量却明显减少了-47.8%（-60.7 至-26.4）和-47.7%（-60.7 至-26.2）。2019 年，中社会人口指数（SDI）地区的发病率和患病率最高，而低 SDI 地区的死亡率和伤残调整生命年最高。尽管所有 SDI 地区在 1990 年至 2019 年期间的死亡和伤残调整生命年均呈稳步下降趋势，但中低和低 SDI 地区的发病率和患病率呈上升趋势。白血病仍然是 2019 年全球最常见的癌症。从 1990 年到 2019 年，白血病、肝癌和霍奇金淋巴瘤的负担减少，而其他癌症的发病率和患病率增加，特别是睾丸癌。
过去三十年来，全球幼儿儿童癌症负担呈稳步下降趋势。然而，各地区和癌症类型的负担和其他特征存在差异。这突显了需要重新调整当前的治疗策略并建立有效的预防方法，以降低全球儿童癌症负担。
