Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil.
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jun 30;23(13):7277. doi: 10.3390/ijms23137277.
Inspired by the composition and confined environment provided by collagen fibrils during bone formation, this study aimed to compare two different strategies to synthesize bioactive hybrid membranes and to assess the role the organic matrix plays as physical confinement during mineral phase deposition. The hybrid membranes were prepared by (1) incorporating calcium phosphate in a biopolymeric membrane for in situ hydroxyapatite (HAp) precipitation in the interstices of the biopolymeric membrane as a confined environment (Methodology 1) or (2) adding synthetic HAp nanoparticles (SHAp) to the freshly prepared biopolymeric membrane (Methodology 2). The biopolymeric membranes were based on hydrolyzed collagen (HC) and chitosan (Cht) or κ-carrageenan (κ-carr). The hybrid membranes presented homogeneous and continuous dispersion of the mineral particles embedded in the biopolymeric membrane interstices and enhanced mechanical properties. The importance of the confined spaces in biomineralization was confirmed by controlled biomimetic HAp precipitation via Methodology 1. HAp precipitation after immersion in simulated body fluid attested that the hybrid membranes were bioactive. Hybrid membranes containing Cht were not toxic to the osteoblasts. Hybrid membranes added with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) displayed antibacterial action against different clinically important pathogenic microorganisms. Overall, these results open simple and promising pathways to develop a new generation of bioactive hybrid membranes with controllable degradation rates and antimicrobial properties.
受骨形成过程中胶原纤维的组成和受限环境的启发，本研究旨在比较两种不同的合成方法来合成具有生物活性的杂化膜，并评估有机基质在矿物相沉积过程中作为物理限制的作用。通过以下两种方法制备杂化膜：(1) 将磷酸钙掺入生物聚合物膜中，以便在生物聚合物膜的空隙中就地沉淀出羟基磷灰石（HAp）作为受限环境（方法 1）；或(2) 将合成的 HAp 纳米颗粒（SHAp）添加到新制备的生物聚合物膜中（方法 2）。生物聚合物膜基于水解胶原（HC）和壳聚糖（Cht）或κ-卡拉胶（κ-carr）。杂化膜呈现出均匀连续的矿物质颗粒分散在生物聚合物膜的空隙中，并增强了机械性能。通过方法 1 进行的受控仿生 HAp 沉淀证实了受限空间在生物矿化中的重要性。在模拟体液中浸泡后的 HAp 沉淀表明杂化膜具有生物活性。含有 Cht 的杂化膜对成骨细胞没有毒性。添加银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）的杂化膜对不同临床重要的致病微生物具有抗菌作用。总的来说，这些结果为开发具有可控降解率和抗菌性能的新一代具有生物活性的杂化膜开辟了简单而有前途的途径。
