Thomas Alyssa L, Alarcon Pablo C, Divanovic Senad, Chougnet Claire A, Hildeman David A, Moreno-Fernandez Maria E
Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
Front Aging. 2021 Sep 22;2:732414. doi: 10.3389/fragi.2021.732414. eCollection 2021.
Aging and obesity are two conditions characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation. While both conditions are also associated with dysfunctional immune responses, the shared and distinct underlying mechanisms are just starting to be uncovered. In fact, recent findings have suggested that the effects of obesity on the immune system can be thought of as a state of accelerated aging. Here we propose that chronic, low-grade inflammation seen in obesity and aging is complex, affects multiple cell types, and results in an altered basal immune state. In aging, part of this altered state is the emergence of regulatory immune populations that lead to further immune dysfunction in an attempt to reduce chronic inflammation. While in obesity, part of the altered state is the effect of expanding adipose tissue on immune cell function. Thus, in this review, we compare, and contrast altered immune states in aging and obesity and discuss their potential contribution to a shared clinical problem- decreased vaccine responsiveness.
衰老和肥胖是两种以慢性低度炎症为特征的病症。虽然这两种病症也都与功能失调的免疫反应相关，但共同的和独特的潜在机制才刚刚开始被揭示。事实上，最近的研究结果表明，肥胖对免疫系统的影响可被视为一种加速衰老的状态。在此，我们提出，肥胖和衰老中出现的慢性低度炎症是复杂的，会影响多种细胞类型，并导致基础免疫状态改变。在衰老过程中，这种改变状态的一部分是调节性免疫群体的出现，它们试图通过进一步导致免疫功能失调来减轻慢性炎症。而在肥胖过程中，这种改变状态的一部分是脂肪组织扩张对免疫细胞功能的影响。因此，在本综述中，我们比较并对比衰老和肥胖中改变的免疫状态，并讨论它们对一个共同临床问题——疫苗反应性降低——的潜在影响。
