Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jun 28;13:898631. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.898631. eCollection 2022.
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a negative-strand RNA virus of the genus, has demonstrated encouraging anti-neoplastic activity across multiple human cancer types. VSV is particularly attractive as an oncolytic agent because of its broad tropism, fast replication kinetics, and amenability to genetic manipulations. Furthermore, VSV-induced oncolysis can elicit a potent antitumor cytotoxic T-cell response to viral proteins and tumor-associated antigens, resulting in a long-lasting antitumor effect. Because of this multifaceted immunomodulatory property, VSV was investigated extensively as an immunovirotherapy alone or combined with other anticancer modalities, such as immune checkpoint blockade. Despite these recent opportunities to delineate synergistic and additive antitumor effects with existing anticancer therapies, FDA approval for the use of oncolytic VSV in humans has not yet been granted. This mini-review discusses factors that have prompted the use of VSV as an immunovirotherapy in human cancers and provides insights into future perspectives and research areas to improve VSV-based oncotherapy.
水疱性口炎病毒（VSV）是一种属于负链 RNA 病毒的属，已在多种人类癌症类型中显示出令人鼓舞的抗肿瘤活性。VSV 作为一种溶瘤病毒特别有吸引力，因为它具有广泛的嗜性、快速的复制动力学和易于遗传操作。此外，VSV 诱导的溶瘤作用可以引发针对病毒蛋白和肿瘤相关抗原的强烈抗肿瘤细胞毒性 T 细胞反应，从而产生持久的抗肿瘤作用。由于这种多方面的免疫调节特性，VSV 被广泛研究作为免疫病毒疗法单独使用或与其他抗癌方式（如免疫检查点阻断）联合使用。尽管最近有机会与现有的抗癌疗法协同和相加抗肿瘤作用，但 FDA 尚未批准将溶瘤 VSV 用于人体。这篇小型综述讨论了促使 VSV 作为免疫病毒疗法用于人类癌症的因素，并提供了对未来观点和研究领域的见解，以改善基于 VSV 的肿瘤治疗。
