McNamara D J, Kolb R, Parker T S, Batwin H, Samuel P, Brown C D, Ahrens E H
J Clin Invest. 1987 Jun;79(6):1729-39. doi: 10.1172/JCI113013.
Studies were carried out to examine the effects of dietary fat and cholesterol on cholesterol homeostasis in man. 75 12-wk studies were carried out during intake of 35% of calories as either saturated or polyunsaturated fat, first low and then high in dietary cholesterol. Dietary fat and cholesterol intakes, plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels, cholesterol absorption and sterol synthesis in isolated blood mononuclear leukocytes were measured during each diet period. In 69% of the studies the subjects compensated for the increased cholesterol intake by decreasing cholesterol fractional absorption and/or endogenous cholesterol synthesis. When an increase in plasma cholesterol levels was observed there was a failure to suppress endogenous cholesterol synthesis. Plasma cholesterol levels were more sensitive to dietary fat quality than to cholesterol quantity. The results demonstrate that the responses to dietary cholesterol and fat are highly individualized and that most individuals have effective feedback control mechanisms.
开展了多项研究以检验膳食脂肪和胆固醇对人体胆固醇稳态的影响。在摄入占热量35%的饱和脂肪或多不饱和脂肪期间，进行了75项为期12周的研究，膳食胆固醇先低后高。在每个饮食阶段测量膳食脂肪和胆固醇摄入量、血浆脂质和脂蛋白水平、胆固醇吸收以及分离的血液单核白细胞中的固醇合成。在69%的研究中，受试者通过降低胆固醇分数吸收和/或内源性胆固醇合成来补偿增加的胆固醇摄入量。当观察到血浆胆固醇水平升高时，内源性胆固醇合成未能受到抑制。血浆胆固醇水平对膳食脂肪质量比对胆固醇数量更敏感。结果表明，对膳食胆固醇和脂肪的反应具有高度个体差异性，且大多数个体具有有效的反馈控制机制。
