Fukuda R, Fukumoto S, Shimada Y
J Med Virol. 1987 Apr;21(4):311-20. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890210403.
To understand the relationship among the time of infection, infection patterns, and liver diseases, experimental transmission of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) utilizing 165 Japanese white domestic ducklings was performed. Twenty to 25 ducklings were each inoculated with DHBV-positive serum intravenously at day one, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 posthatch and were sacrificed during the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th (and 24th in those inoculated on day one and day 3 posthatch) week after inoculation to obtain sera and the liver. The sera served for the measurement of DHBV DNA by spot hybridization test and DNA polymerase activity, and the liver was subjected to morphological examination including immunostaining for DHBV. The ducklings inoculated with DHBV on 1 day and 3 days posthatch always revealed persistent viremia, whereas those on and after 5 days posthatch showed persistent or transient viremia. The hepatitis activity in the liver was seen in ducklings inoculated with DHBV on and after 3 days posthatch and was very weak consistent with the diagnosis of mild acute hepatitis of humans. The serum transaminase activity was not significantly elevated at the time of occurrence of histological hepatitis activity. Since host immune mechanism establish at 3 to 5 days posthatch in birds, the host immune response seemed to determine whether DHBV infection was persistent or transient and the occurrence of hepatitis activity as seen in human hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
为了解感染时间、感染模式与肝脏疾病之间的关系，利用165只日本白色家鸭雏进行了鸭乙型肝炎病毒（DHBV）的实验性传播。在雏鸭出壳后第1天、3天、5天、7天、10天和14天，每组20至25只雏鸭静脉注射DHBV阳性血清，并在接种后的第1周、第2周、第3周和第4周（出壳后第1天和第3天接种的雏鸭在第24周）处死，以获取血清和肝脏。血清用于通过斑点杂交试验和DNA聚合酶活性测定DHBV DNA，肝脏进行包括DHBV免疫染色在内的形态学检查。出壳后第1天和第3天接种DHBV的雏鸭始终表现为持续性病毒血症，而出壳后5天及以后接种的雏鸭表现为持续性或短暂性病毒血症。出壳后第3天及以后接种DHBV的雏鸭肝脏出现肝炎活动，且非常轻微，符合人类轻度急性肝炎的诊断。在组织学肝炎活动出现时，血清转氨酶活性没有明显升高。由于鸟类在出壳后3至5天建立宿主免疫机制，宿主免疫反应似乎决定了DHBV感染是持续性还是短暂性，以及是否会出现肝炎活动，这与人类乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染情况相似。
