Marion P L, Knight S S, Ho B K, Guo Y Y, Robinson W S, Popper H
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Feb;81(3):898-902. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.3.898.
The liver disease associated with duck hepatitis B viremia was investigated in naturally infected ducks from Chi-tung county in China and in both naturally and experimentally infected ducks from the United States. Liver and serum specimens of adult Chinese ducks were examined for duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) DNA by dot and gel blot hybridization. DHBV was found in serum and (in episomal form only) in livers of 6 of 11 birds exhibiting various degrees of chronic hepatitis. In 1 bird with hepatocellular carcinoma, DHBV DNA was detected at the limit of assay sensitivity and in another not at all, contrasting with findings in humans and woodchucks. In work with California Pekin and Khaki Campbell ducks, known amounts of DHBV were injected into the egg 10 days before, or into ducklings 1 day after, hatching and the livers were examined 6 weeks later. The majority of the injected ducklings had viremia detectable by hybridization 1 or 2 weeks after injection. The presence but not the amount of viremia correlated with incidence and degree of hepatitis, determined under code. The most severe instances of hepatitis, all in Pekin ducks, resembled the hepatitis in adult Chinese ducks of Chi-tung county. Severe and moderate hepatitis were found only in indoor-caged injected animals with viremia and in some uninjected birds without viremia that had been kept in outdoor flocks. The latter hepatitis, as some hepatitis in adult Chinese ducks, may not be related to DHBV. Mild and insignificant hepatitis were also found in injected and noninjected ducklings, some of which had the vertically transmitted spontaneous viremia previously described. The good correlation of experimentally induced viremia with incidence and severity of hepatitis in the Pekin duckling provides a simple, rapid, and relatively inexpensive model to study the relation of lesions to hepatitis B family infection in nonprimates.
对中国启东县自然感染的鸭子以及美国自然感染和实验感染的鸭子中与鸭乙型肝炎病毒血症相关的肝脏疾病进行了研究。采用斑点杂交和凝胶印迹杂交法检测成年中国鸭的肝脏和血清标本中的鸭乙型肝炎病毒（DHBV）DNA。在11只表现出不同程度慢性肝炎的鸭子中，有6只的血清以及（仅以游离形式）肝脏中检测到了DHBV。在1只患有肝细胞癌的鸭子中，在检测灵敏度极限处检测到了DHBV DNA，而在另1只鸭子中则完全未检测到，这与人类和土拨鼠的情况形成对比。在用加利福尼亚白鸭和卡其坎贝尔鸭进行的研究中，在孵化前10天向鸭胚中注射已知量的DHBV，或在孵化后1天向雏鸭中注射，6周后检查肝脏。大多数注射的雏鸭在注射后1或2周通过杂交可检测到病毒血症。病毒血症的存在而非其数量与根据编码确定的肝炎发病率和程度相关。最严重的肝炎病例均发生在白鸭中，类似于启东县成年中国鸭中的肝炎。严重和中度肝炎仅在有病毒血症的室内笼养注射动物以及一些无病毒血症但饲养在室外鸭群中的未注射鸟类中发现。后一种肝炎，如同成年中国鸭中的一些肝炎一样，可能与DHBV无关。在注射和未注射的雏鸭中也发现了轻度和不明显的肝炎，其中一些雏鸭具有先前描述的垂直传播的自发性病毒血症。在雏鸭中实验诱导的病毒血症与肝炎发病率和严重程度之间的良好相关性提供了一个简单、快速且相对廉价的模型，用于研究非灵长类动物中病变与乙型肝炎家族感染的关系。
