：基于低收入和中等收入国家的烟草控制社区中恐吓行为的认知与经历。
': perceptions and experiences of intimidation in the LMIC-based tobacco control community.
作者信息
Matthes Britta Katharina, Zatoński Mateusz, Alebshehy Raouf, Carballo Mercedes, Gilmore Anna B
机构信息
Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
出版信息
Tob Control. 2022 Jul 19;33(1):38-44. doi: 10.1136/tc-2022-057271.
BACKGROUND
It is well-evidenced that environmental or human rights advocacy comes with risks for those involved. Much less is known about the risks of tobacco control advocacy despite the emphasis on tobacco industry conduct. This study explores the experiences and perceptions of intimidation among members of the tobacco control community in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
METHODS
We interviewed six experts representing each of the World Health Organization (WHO) regions to inform an online survey conducted among the LMIC-based tobacco control community. Thematic analysis was used for analysing qualitative data while quantitative data were analysed descriptively.
RESULTS
Twenty-three participants from five WHO regions completed the survey. Almost three-quarters of survey participants reported that they, or another member of the tobacco control community in their country, had experienced intimidation. The most frequently reported forms of intimidation were discreditation on social or traditional media, legal threats/action and threatening messages. Physical intimidation, theft/burglary, cyberattacks and surveillance were individually rare but reported collectively by over 40% of participants. Results suggested intimidation might be increasing and changing in nature, and undermines tobacco control efforts: it affects organisations' capacity and agenda, their ability to build relationships with those needed to advance policy, as well as the well-being of individuals. Participants used a range of strategies in response to intimidation and reported that they would benefit from better support.
CONCLUSION
This exploratory study suggests that intimidation is a crucial challenge for the tobacco control community. There are several measures the global tobacco control community could take, including establishing an international support mechanism and building capacity to deal with intimidation and draw attention to it.
背景
有充分证据表明，环境或人权倡导活动会给参与者带来风险。尽管人们强调烟草行业的行为，但对于烟草控制倡导活动的风险却知之甚少。本研究探讨了低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）烟草控制社区成员遭受恐吓的经历和看法。
方法
我们采访了代表世界卫生组织（WHO）各区域的六位专家，以指导在以LMICs为基础的烟草控制社区中开展的在线调查。定性数据采用主题分析法进行分析，定量数据则进行描述性分析。
结果
来自WHO五个区域的23名参与者完成了调查。近四分之三的调查参与者报告称，他们或本国烟草控制社区的其他成员曾遭受恐吓。最常报告的恐吓形式是在社会媒体或传统媒体上被诋毁、法律威胁/行动以及威胁信息。身体恐吓、盗窃/入室盗窃、网络攻击和监视单独出现的情况很少见，但超过40%的参与者集体报告了这些情况。结果表明，恐吓可能在增加且性质在变化，并且会破坏烟草控制工作：它影响组织的能力和议程、与推动政策所需人员建立关系的能力以及个人的福祉。参与者采取了一系列应对恐吓的策略，并报告称他们将受益于更好的支持。
结论
这项探索性研究表明，恐吓是烟草控制社区面临的一项关键挑战。全球烟草控制社区可以采取多项措施，包括建立国际支持机制以及增强应对恐吓并引起关注的能力。
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