Yang Jing, Han Min, Wang Liang, Wang Likui, Xu Tianrui, Wu Linhuan, Ma Juncai, Wong Gary, Liu Wenjun, Gao George F, Bi Yuhai
CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Biosaf Health. 2022 Aug;4(4):228-233. doi: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2022.07.001. Epub 2022 Jul 13.
A series of stringent non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions were implemented to contain the pandemic but the pandemic continues. Moreover, vaccination breakthrough infection and reinfection in convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases have been reported. Further, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants emerged with mutations in spike (S) gene, the target of most current vaccines. Importantly, the mutations exhibit a trend of immune escape from the vaccination. Herein the scientific question that if the vaccination drives genetic or antigenic drifts of SARS-CoV-2 remains elusive. We performed correlation analyses to uncover the impacts of wide vaccination on epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19. In addition, we investigated the evolutionary dynamics and genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 under immune pressure by utilizing the Bayesian phylodynamic inferences and the lineage entropy calculation respectively. We found that vaccination coverage was negatively related to the infections, severe cases, and deaths of COVID-19 respectively. With the increasing vaccination coverage, the lineage diversity of SARS-CoV-2 dampened, but the rapid mutation rates of the S gene were identified, and the vaccination could be one of the explanations for driving mutations in S gene. Moreover, new epidemics resurged in several countries with high vaccination coverage, questioning their current pandemic control strategies. Hence, integrated vaccination and non-pharmacological interventions are critical to control the pandemic. Furthermore, novel vaccine preparation should enhance its capabilities to curb both disease severity and infection possibility.
为遏制疫情实施了一系列严格的非药物和药物干预措施，但疫情仍在持续。此外，已有报告称在新冠康复者中出现了疫苗突破性感染和再感染情况。此外，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）变体出现，其刺突（S）基因发生突变，而S基因是当前大多数疫苗的靶点。重要的是，这些突变呈现出从疫苗免疫逃逸的趋势。在此，接种疫苗是否会推动SARS-CoV-2的基因或抗原漂移这一科学问题仍不明确。我们进行了相关性分析，以揭示广泛接种疫苗对新冠疫情流行病学特征的影响。此外，我们分别利用贝叶斯系统发育动力学推断和谱系熵计算，研究了免疫压力下SARS-CoV-2的进化动态和遗传多样性。我们发现，疫苗接种覆盖率分别与新冠感染、重症和死亡呈负相关。随着疫苗接种覆盖率的提高，SARS-CoV-2的谱系多样性受到抑制，但S基因的快速突变率被识别出来，接种疫苗可能是推动S基因发生突变的原因之一。此外，在一些疫苗接种覆盖率高的国家，新的疫情又出现了，这对它们当前的疫情防控策略提出了质疑。因此，综合疫苗接种和非药物干预措施对于控制疫情至关重要。此外，新型疫苗制备应提高其遏制疾病严重程度和感染可能性的能力。
