Department of Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Obes Rev. 2022 Oct;23(10):e13498. doi: 10.1111/obr.13498. Epub 2022 Jul 20.
Evidence is increasing that disturbances in the gut microbiome may play a significant role in the etiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The short chain fatty acid butyrate, a major end product of the bacterial fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates, is reputed to have anti-inflammatory properties and positive effects on body weight control and insulin sensitivity. However, whether butyrate has therapeutic potential for the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesity-related complications remains to be elucidated. Overall, animal studies strongly indicate that butyrate administered via various routes (e.g., orally) positively affects adipose tissue metabolism and functioning, energy and substrate metabolism, systemic and tissue-specific inflammation, and insulin sensitivity and body weight control. A limited number of human studies demonstrated interindividual differences in clinical effectiveness suggesting that outcomes may depend on the metabolic, microbial, and lifestyle-related characteristics of the target population. Hence, despite abundant evidence from animal data, support of human data is urgently required for the implementation of evidence-based oral and gut-derived butyrate interventions. To increase the efficacy of butyrate-focused interventions, future research should investigate which factors impact treatment outcomes including baseline gut microbial activity and functionality, thereby optimizing targeted-interventions and identifying individuals that merit most from such interventions.
越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物组的紊乱可能在肥胖和 2 型糖尿病的病因中起重要作用。短链脂肪酸丁酸盐是未消化碳水化合物细菌发酵的主要终产物，据称具有抗炎特性，并对体重控制和胰岛素敏感性有积极影响。然而，丁酸盐是否具有治疗肥胖和肥胖相关并发症的潜力仍有待阐明。总的来说，动物研究强烈表明，通过各种途径（例如口服）给予丁酸盐可积极影响脂肪组织代谢和功能、能量和底物代谢、全身和组织特异性炎症以及胰岛素敏感性和体重控制。少数人类研究表明，临床疗效存在个体间差异，这表明结果可能取决于目标人群的代谢、微生物和与生活方式相关的特征。因此，尽管有大量的动物数据证据，但迫切需要人体数据的支持，以实施基于证据的口服和肠道来源的丁酸盐干预措施。为了提高以丁酸盐为重点的干预措施的疗效，未来的研究应调查哪些因素会影响治疗效果，包括基线肠道微生物活性和功能，从而优化靶向干预措施，并确定最需要此类干预措施的个体。
