Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), 4th Industrial Area, 6th of October City, Cairo, 2566, Egypt.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jul 20;12(1):12423. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16349-2.
Mushrooms are nutritious foods that are widely cultivated all over the world. They are rich in a range of compounds linked to improving functions of the immune system including carotenoids, alkaloids, lectins, enzymes, folates, fats, organic acids, minerals, polysaccharides, phenolics, proteins, tocopherols, terpenoids, and volatile compounds. In this study we investigated, the immunomodulatory activity in rats of the aqueous extracts of five of the most common edible mushrooms belonging to Family Basidiomycota-white-rot fungi including, Lentinula edodes, Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus columbinus, and Pleurotus sajor-caju. Male Wistar albino rats were assigned to thirteen groups and Immunosuppression was induced by oral administration of dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg), followed by oral administration of the mushroom extracts at low (200 mg/kg) and high (400 mg/kg) doses. A positive control group received the immune stimulant Echinacea extract Immulant® at (30 mg/kg), while the negative control group received only saline. From each animal, in each group, blood samples were collected after 15 days for complete blood counts and for measurement of immunologic parameters, including lysozyme activity, nitric oxide (NO) production and serum cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) levels. Results have shown that white blood cells (WBCs) and lymphocytic counts were significantly boosted by high doses of each of the five mushroom extracts (207-289% increase for WBC and 153-175% for lymphocytes) with a significant increase in lysozyme activity (110-136% increase), NO concentration (159-232% increase) and cytokines as compared to the negative control group. Histopathological examination of the rats' spleen and thymus tissues has shown marked lymphocytic proliferation that was more obvious at the higher doses. In conclusion, our results showed that the five edible mushroom extracts revealed significant immunostimulatory effects preclinically particularly, at the higher doses (400 mg/kg) which can be considered the effective dose.
蘑菇是一种营养丰富的食物，在世界各地广泛种植。它们富含多种化合物，这些化合物与改善免疫系统功能有关，包括类胡萝卜素、生物碱、凝集素、酶、叶酸、脂肪、有机酸、矿物质、多糖、酚类、蛋白质、生育酚、萜类化合物和挥发性化合物。在这项研究中，我们研究了五种最常见的属于担子菌纲白腐真菌的食用蘑菇的水提物对大鼠的免疫调节活性，包括香菇、双孢蘑菇、糙皮侧耳、哥伦比亚侧耳和姬松茸。雄性 Wistar 白化大鼠被分为 13 组，通过口服给予地塞米松（0.1mg/kg）诱导免疫抑制，然后口服低（200mg/kg）和高（400mg/kg）剂量的蘑菇提取物。阳性对照组给予免疫刺激剂西洋蓍草提取物 Immulant®（30mg/kg），阴性对照组仅给予生理盐水。从每组每只动物中收集血液样本，15 天后进行全血细胞计数，并测量免疫参数，包括溶菌酶活性、一氧化氮（NO）产生和血清细胞因子，包括肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）和白细胞介素 1β（IL-1β）水平。结果表明，高剂量的五种蘑菇提取物（白细胞（WBC）和淋巴细胞计数分别增加 207-289%和 153-175%）显著增加了白细胞（WBC）和淋巴细胞计数，溶菌酶活性（增加 110-136%）、NO 浓度（增加 159-232%）和细胞因子也显著增加。与阴性对照组相比，大鼠脾脏和胸腺组织的组织病理学检查显示出明显的淋巴细胞增殖，在高剂量时更为明显。总之，我们的结果表明，五种食用蘑菇提取物具有显著的免疫刺激作用，特别是在较高剂量（400mg/kg）下，可被视为有效剂量。
