Investigating Dual-Species and Staphylococcal Biofilm Antiseptic Challenge.

can persistently colonize human skin, alongside a diverse bacterial microbiome. In this study we aimed to investigate the efficacy of antiseptic activities on dual-species interkingdom biofilms containing staphylococci to determine if antiseptic tolerance was negatively impacted by dual-species biofilms. Chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, and hydrogen peroxide (HO), were able to significantly reduce biofilm viable cell counts following exposure at 2%, 10%, and 3%, respectively. Notably, HO-treated biofilms were able to significantly recover and considerably repopulate following treatment. Fortunately, inter-kingdom interactions in dual-species biofilms of and staphylococci did not increase the tolerance of against antiseptics in vitro. These data indicate mixed infections are manageable with chlorhexidine and povidone iodine, but caution should be exercised in the consideration of HO.