Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou, 15780 Athens, Greece.
NFA (Natural Food Additives), Laboratory of Natural Extracts Development, 6 Dios st, Tavros, 17778 Athens, Greece.
Molecules. 2022 Jul 8;27(14):4375. doi: 10.3390/molecules27144375.
The phenolic components of Aronia melanocarpa were quantitatively recovered by three successive extractions with methanol. They comprise anthocyanins (mainly cyanidin glycosides) phenolic acids (chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids) and flavonols (quercetin glycosides). Approximately 30% of the total phenolic compounds are located in the peel and the rest in the flesh and seeds. Peels contain the major part of anthocyanins (73%), while the flesh contains the major part of phenolic acids (78%). Aronia juice, rich in polyphenols, was obtained by mashing and centrifugation, while the pomace residue was dried and subjected to acidified water extraction in a fixed bed column for the recovery of residual phenolics. A yield of 22.5 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry pomace was obtained; however, drying caused anthocyanins losses. Thus, their recovery could be increased by applying extraction on the wet pomace. The extract was encapsulated in maltodextrin and gum arabic by spray drying, with a high (>88%) encapsulation yield and efficiency for both total phenols and anthocyanins. Overall, fresh aronia fruits are a good source for the production of polyphenol-rich juice, while the residual pomace can be exploited, through water extraction and spray drying encapsulation for the production of a powder containing anthocyanins that can be used as a food or cosmetics additive.
黑果腺肋花楸的酚类成分通过三次甲醇连续萃取定量回收。它们包括花色苷（主要是矢车菊苷糖苷）、酚酸（绿原酸和新绿原酸）和类黄酮（槲皮苷）。大约 30%的总酚类化合物位于果皮中，其余位于果肉和种子中。果皮中含有大部分花色苷（73%），而果肉中含有大部分酚酸（78%）。通过捣碎和离心获得富含多酚的黑果腺肋花楸汁，而果渣残渣则干燥并在固定床柱中用酸化水提取以回收残留的酚类物质。从干果渣中获得了 22.5mg 没食子酸当量/g 的收率;然而，干燥导致花色苷损失。因此，通过对湿果渣进行提取可以提高其回收率。提取物通过喷雾干燥包埋在麦芽糊精和阿拉伯胶中，对于总酚类物质和花色苷的包埋产率和效率均较高（均>88%）。总体而言，新鲜黑果腺肋花楸果实是生产富含多酚的果汁的良好来源，而通过水提取和喷雾干燥包埋，可从剩余的果渣中提取并生产出含有花色苷的粉末，可作为食品或化妆品添加剂使用。
